Jones Glenville
Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Endocr Connect. 2022 Apr 22;11(4):e210594. doi: 10.1530/EC-21-0594.
Vitamin D has many physiological functions including upregulation of intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, mobilization of bone resorption, renal reabsorption of calcium as well as actions on a variety of pleiotropic functions. It is believed that many of the hormonal effects of vitamin D involve a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-vitamin D receptor-mediated transcriptional mechanism involving binding to the cellular chromatin and regulating hundreds of genes in many tissues. This comprehensive historical review provides a unique perspective of the many steps of the discovery of vitamin D and its deficiency disease, rickets, stretching from 1650 until the present. The overview is divided into four distinct historical phases which cover the major developments in the field and in the process highlighting the: (a) first recognition of rickets or vitamin D deficiency; (b) discovery of the nutritional factor, vitamin D and its chemical structure; (c) elucidation of vitamin D metabolites including the hormonal form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; (d) delineation of the vitamin D cellular machinery, functions and vitamin D-related diseases which focused on understanding the mechanism of action of vitamin D in its many target cells.
维生素D具有多种生理功能，包括上调肠道对钙和磷的吸收、促进骨吸收、促进肾脏对钙的重吸收以及对多种多效性功能产生作用。人们认为，维生素D的许多激素效应涉及一种由1,25 - 二羟基维生素D3 - 维生素D受体介导的转录机制，该机制涉及与细胞染色质结合并调节许多组织中的数百个基因。这篇全面的历史综述提供了一个独特的视角，阐述了从1650年至今维生素D及其缺乏症佝偻病发现过程中的诸多步骤。该综述分为四个不同的历史阶段，涵盖了该领域的主要发展，并在此过程中突出了：（a）佝偻病或维生素D缺乏症的首次认识；（b）营养因子维生素D及其化学结构的发现；（c）维生素D代谢产物的阐明，包括激素形式1,25 - 二羟基维生素D3；（d）维生素D细胞机制、功能及维生素D相关疾病的描述，重点在于了解维生素D在其众多靶细胞中的作用机制。
