2019-2020 年，莫桑比克太特省育龄妇女预防疟疾知识相关因素。
Factors associated with knowledge about malaria prevention among women of reproductive age, Tete Province, Mozambique, 2019-2020.
机构信息
Mozambique Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, P.O. Box 264, Maputo, Mozambique.
MassGenics, Assigned for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique.
出版信息
Malar J. 2022 Mar 5;21(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12936-022-04090-0.
BACKGROUND
Mozambique is a malaria endemic country with an estimated prevalence of malaria in children 6-59 months old that is twice as high in rural areas (46.0%) as in urban areas (18.0%). However, only 46.0% of women aged 15-49 years had complete knowledge about malaria in 2018. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with malaria knowledge among women of reproductive age in a high malaria burden district.
METHODS
Data from a cross-sectional study, using a population-based malaria research study in Mágoe District, 2019, were analysed. This analysis included women aged 15-49 years. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to determine factors associated with complete knowledge of malaria that calculated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p < 0.05 significance level. Complete malaria knowledge was defined as when a woman correctly identified: fever as a malaria symptom, mosquito bites as the means of malaria transmission, mosquito nets as a tool for malaria prevention, malaria as curable, and were able to name an anti-malarial.
RESULTS
A total of 1899 women were included in this analysis. There was complete malaria knowledge among 49% of the respondents. Seventy one percent mentioned fever as one of malaria symptoms, 92% mentioned mosquito bite as the cause of malaria infection, 94% identified that mosquito nets prevent malaria, 92% agreed that malaria has cure, and 76% were able to name at least one anti-malarial medicine. In the multivariate analysis, the following characteristics were associated with significantly higher odds of having complete malaria knowledge: having a secondary school or above education level (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR = 2.5 CI [1.3-4.6] p = 0.005), being from the middle socioeconomic status group (aOR = 1.5 CI [1.1-2.1] p = 0.005), being from older age group of 35-39 (aOR = 1.9; CI [1.1-3.1] p < 0.001), having 1-2 children (aOR = 1.8; CI [1.2-2.6] p = 0.003), and having interviews completed in Portuguese or Cinyungwe (aOR = 2.3; CI [1.3-4.1] p = 0.004 and aOR = 2.1; CI [1.5-2.8] p < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Most women in this study had some malaria knowledge, but gaps in complete knowledge remained. In order to broaden knowledge, educational messages about malaria prevention should be more effectively targeted to reach younger, less-educated women and in non-dominant languages.
背景
莫桑比克是一个疟疾流行的国家，据估计，6-59 个月大的儿童疟疾患病率在农村地区是城市地区的两倍（46.0%对 18.0%）。然而，2018 年，只有 46.0%的 15-49 岁妇女对疟疾有全面的了解。本研究旨在确定莫桑比克一个疟疾负担高的地区，与生育年龄妇女疟疾知识相关的因素。
方法
本分析使用了 2019 年在马戈埃区进行的一项基于人群的疟疾研究中的横断面研究数据。该分析包括 15-49 岁的妇女。采用多变量逻辑回归模型确定与疟疾知识完全相关的因素，计算调整后的优势比（aOR）和 95%置信区间（CI），p 值<0.05。完全的疟疾知识被定义为当一个妇女正确识别：发热是疟疾的症状，蚊虫叮咬是疟疾传播的途径，蚊帐是疟疾预防的工具，疟疾是可治愈的，并能说出一种抗疟药物。
结果
本研究共纳入了 1899 名妇女。49%的受访者有完全的疟疾知识。71%的人提到发热是疟疾的一种症状，92%的人提到蚊虫叮咬是疟疾感染的原因，94%的人认为蚊帐可以预防疟疾，92%的人认为疟疾可以治愈，76%的人能够说出至少一种抗疟药物。在多变量分析中，以下特征与更高的疟疾知识完全相关的可能性显著相关：具有中学或以上教育水平（调整后的优势比，aOR=2.5，CI[1.3-4.6]，p=0.005）、来自中社会经济地位组（aOR=1.5，CI[1.1-2.1]，p=0.005）、来自年龄较大的 35-39 岁组（aOR=1.9；CI[1.1-3.1]，p<0.001）、有 1-2 个孩子（aOR=1.8；CI[1.2-2.6]，p=0.003）、以及用葡萄牙语或钦永戈语进行访谈（aOR=2.3；CI[1.3-4.1]，p=0.004；aOR=2.1；CI[1.5-2.8]，p<0.001）。
结论
本研究中的大多数妇女都有一些疟疾知识，但在完全知识方面仍存在差距。为了扩大知识，应该更有效地针对预防疟疾的教育信息，以覆盖到年轻、受教育程度较低的妇女，并使用非主导语言。
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