Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India.
Zoonoses Research Laboratory, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai 600 051, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Microbiol Methods. 2022 Apr;195:106438. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106438. Epub 2022 Mar 4.
Leptospirosis is a re-emerging anthropo-zoonotic infection of worldwide significance caused by the pathogenic spirochete (Leptospira interrogans) of the genus Leptospira, predominant in tropical/temperate regions and endemic to areas receiving heavy rainfall and flooding. Clinical presentation is similar to that of other febrile illnesses exhibiting mild symptoms which are often self-limiting. Hence, Leptospirosis is often mis-diagnosed and remains untreated progressing to Weil's Disease which is fatal. As only 30% of cases are diagnosed in endemic countries, Leptospirosis remains as a neglected zoonotic disease of tropical regions, due to poor diagnostic facilities and mild, asymptomatic disease manifestations which are often neglected. As this zoonosis is reported to cause periodical outbreaks, it is a major public health concern. Although diagnostic facilities are available, they are not accessible in technology-limited settings and are limited to certain hospitals and reference laboratories. This review is about the various methods used for the detection of Leptospirosis and their significance. It highlights the need for an appropriate diagnostic test for the rapid detection of leptospirosis in order to initiate immediate antibiotic therapy.
钩端螺旋体病是一种由钩端螺旋体属的致病性螺旋体（问号钩端螺旋体）引起的重新出现的人畜共患传染病，在热带/温带地区流行，并且在降雨量和洪水较多的地区流行。临床表现与其他发热性疾病相似，表现为轻度症状，通常是自限性的。因此，钩端螺旋体病经常被误诊，且未得到治疗，从而进展为韦尔氏病，这是致命的。由于在流行地区只有 30%的病例得到诊断，因此，由于诊断设施简陋以及轻度、无症状的疾病表现经常被忽视，钩端螺旋体病仍然是热带地区被忽视的人畜共患疾病。由于这种动物传染病据报道会引起周期性爆发，因此它是一个主要的公共卫生关注点。尽管有诊断设施，但在技术有限的环境中无法获得，并且仅限于某些医院和参考实验室。这篇综述介绍了用于检测钩端螺旋体病的各种方法及其意义。它强调了需要一种适当的诊断测试来快速检测钩端螺旋体病，以便立即开始抗生素治疗。
