Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
Thrombosis Research Center, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2022;22(16):2166-2185. doi: 10.2174/1389557522666220304231537.
This review seeks to clarify the factors involved in the various immune responses to SARSCoV- 2 infection and the mechanisms that influence the development of COVID-19 with severe evolution. The innate immune response that evolves against SARS-CoV-2 in a complex way is highlighted, integrating multiple pathways by coronaviruses to evade it, in addition to characterizing the adaptive immune response, which can lead to an effective immune response or can contribute to immunopathological imbalance. In turn, host-dependent biomarkers, such as age, gender, ABO blood group, and risk factors, that contribute to the critical and varied progress of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis are analyzed. Finally, the potential vaccine candidates are presented, capable of generating immune protection with humoral and/or cellular neutralizing responses, in favor of blocking and destroying both the new human coronavirus and its variants, which cause the current pandemic.
本综述旨在阐明 SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的各种免疫反应的相关因素，以及影响 COVID-19 向严重进展的机制。重点阐述了针对 SARS-CoV-2 的先天免疫反应，冠状病毒通过多种途径来逃避这种反应，此外还描述了适应性免疫反应，该反应既能导致有效的免疫反应，也能导致免疫病理失衡。此外，还分析了宿主相关的生物标志物，如年龄、性别、ABO 血型和危险因素，这些因素导致 COVID-19 免疫发病机制的严重和多样进展。最后，还提出了一些潜在的疫苗候选物，它们能够产生体液和/或细胞中和反应的免疫保护，有利于阻断和消灭新型人类冠状病毒及其变体，这些病毒导致了目前的大流行。
