Kraiss Jannis T, Kohlhoff Martje, Ten Klooster Peter M
Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
Curr Psychol. 2022 Mar 1:1-12. doi: 10.1007/s12144-022-02942-1.
The dual continua model assumes that psychological distress and mental well-being are two related, yet distinct dimensions of mental health. Previous studies did convincingly show the distinctiveness of these two dimensions using mainly cross-sectional research. Despite the importance to distinguish between- and within-person associations in psychological theories, to date, no study specifically distinguished between- and within-person associations for the relationship between distress and well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate whether the dual continua model actually holds when examined within individuals. Intensive longitudinal data were collected through experience sampling. The sample included 25 university students (mean age = 23.50 years, 56% female), who completed a baseline questionnaire as well as momentary measures of psychological distress and mental well-being three times per day for two weeks. 1,014 timepoints were analyzed using multilevel models and person-mean centering was applied to distinguish between- and within person associations. A significant moderate negative between-person association was found for the relationship between psychological distress and mental well-being (β = -.363, marginal = 0.15, < .001). The within-person association was also significant and similar in magnitude (β = -.432, marginal = 0.18, < .001) at the group level. Individual within-person associations between distress and well-being varied substantially, but were negative for almost all participants. This study is an important step towards validating the applicability and universality of this widely used model. The current findings provide preliminary evidence that the dual continua model does not only hold between people, but also on the level it is actually used for, namely within individual people.
双连续体模型假设心理困扰和心理健康是心理健康的两个相关但不同的维度。以往的研究确实令人信服地表明了这两个维度的独特性，主要采用横断面研究。尽管在心理学理论中区分个体间和个体内关联很重要，但迄今为止，尚无研究专门区分困扰与幸福感之间的个体间和个体内关联。因此，本研究的目的是验证双连续体模型在个体内部进行检验时是否真的成立。通过经验抽样收集密集纵向数据。样本包括25名大学生（平均年龄 = 23.50岁，56%为女性），他们完成了一份基线问卷，并在两周内每天三次对心理困扰和心理健康进行即时测量。使用多层次模型分析了1014个时间点，并应用个体均值中心化来区分个体间和个体内关联。心理困扰与心理健康之间的个体间关联显著且呈中等负相关（β = -0.363，边际 = 0.15，< 0.001）。在群体水平上，个体内关联也显著且大小相似（β = -0.432，边际 = 0.18，< 0.001）。困扰与幸福感之间的个体内关联在个体间差异很大，但几乎所有参与者的关联都是负向的。本研究是验证这个广泛使用的模型的适用性和普遍性的重要一步。目前的研究结果提供了初步证据，表明双连续体模型不仅在个体之间成立，而且在其实际应用的层面，即在个体内部也成立。
