Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
Hum Cell. 2022 May;35(3):771-778. doi: 10.1007/s13577-022-00688-3. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
As an important part of the central nervous system (CNS), the optic nerve usually cannot regenerate directly after injury. Therefore, treating the injury and restoring the function of the optic nerve are a historical problem in the medical field. Due to the special anatomical position of the optic nerve, the microenvironment needed for protection and regeneration after injury is lacking. Therefore, preventing the continued loss of neurons, protecting the functional nerves, and promoting the effective protection of nerves are the main ways to solve the problem. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm, composed of lipid bilayers, proteins, and genetic material. They have key functions in cell-to-cell communication, immune regulation, inflammation, and regeneration. More and more shreds of evidence show that exosomes not only play an important role in systemic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and brain diseases; they also play a key role in ophthalmological diseases. This article reviews the role of exosomes in the protection and regeneration of the optic nerve after optic nerve injury in related experimental studies and clinical treatment methods. GRAPHICAL ABSTARCT: .
作为中枢神经系统（CNS）的重要组成部分，视神经通常在损伤后不能直接再生。因此，治疗损伤和恢复视神经功能是医学领域的一个历史问题。由于视神经的特殊解剖位置，损伤后缺乏所需的保护和再生的微环境。因此，防止神经元的持续丢失、保护功能神经、促进有效的神经保护是解决问题的主要途径。外泌体是直径为 30-150nm 的纳米大小囊泡，由脂双层、蛋白质和遗传物质组成。它们在细胞间通讯、免疫调节、炎症和再生中具有关键功能。越来越多的证据表明，外泌体不仅在癌症、心血管疾病和脑部疾病等全身性疾病中发挥着重要作用；它们在眼科疾病中也起着关键作用。本文综述了外泌体在视神经损伤后视神经保护和再生相关实验研究及临床治疗方法中的作用。
