Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2020 Jan 1;26(1):11-20. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izz217.
Host sensing in the gut microbiota has been crucial in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Although inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), multifactorial chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis, the detailed interactions between host and gut microbiota are still not completely understood. Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) represent 1% of the intestinal epithelium. Accumulating evidence indicates that EECs are key sensors of gut microbiota and/or microbial metabolites. They can secrete cytokines and peptide hormones in response to microbiota, either in traditional endocrine regulation or by paracrine impact on proximal tissues and/or cells or via afferent nerve fibers. Enteroendocrine cells also play crucial roles in mucosal immunity, gut barrier function, visceral hyperalgesia, and gastrointestinal (GI) motility, thereby regulating several GI diseases, including IBD. In this review, we will focus on EECs in sensing microbiota, correlating enteroendocrine perturbations with IBD, and the underlying mechanisms.
肠道微生物群的宿主感应在肠道稳态的调节中至关重要。虽然炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种多因素的胃肠道慢性炎症性疾病，与肠道菌群失调有关，但宿主和肠道微生物群之间的详细相互作用仍不完全清楚。肠内分泌细胞（EECs）占肠道上皮的 1%。越来越多的证据表明，EECs 是肠道微生物群和/或微生物代谢物的关键传感器。它们可以分泌细胞因子和肽类激素来响应微生物群，无论是在传统的内分泌调节中，还是通过旁分泌对近端组织和/或细胞的影响，还是通过传入神经纤维。肠内分泌细胞在黏膜免疫、肠道屏障功能、内脏痛觉过敏和胃肠道（GI）动力中也起着至关重要的作用，从而调节包括 IBD 在内的多种 GI 疾病。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注 EECs 对微生物群的感应，将肠内分泌紊乱与 IBD 相关联，并探讨其潜在机制。
