Eames Ian, Flór Jan-Bert
Centre for Engineering in Extreme Environments, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels (LEGI), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38000, France.
Interface Focus. 2022 Feb 11;12(2):20210080. doi: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0080. eCollection 2022 Apr 6.
The fluid mechanical processes that govern the spread of infectious agents through the air in complex spaces are reviewed and the scientific gaps and challenges identified and discussed. Air, expelled from the nose and mouth, creates turbulent jets that form loosely coherent structures which quickly slow. For the transport and dispersion of aerosols, the suitability of the Eulerian as well as the Lagrangian approaches are brought into context. The effects of buoyancy and external turbulence are explored and shown to influence the horizontal extent of expulsion through distinct mechanisms which both inhibit penetration and enhance mixing. The general influence of inhomogeneous turbulence and stratification on the spread of infectious agents in enclosed complex spaces is discussed.
本文回顾了在复杂空间中控制传染源通过空气传播的流体力学过程，并识别和讨论了科学差距与挑战。从口鼻呼出的空气会产生湍流射流，形成松散连贯的结构，这些结构会迅速减速。对于气溶胶的传输和扩散，将欧拉方法和拉格朗日方法的适用性置于相应背景中进行了探讨。研究了浮力和外部湍流的影响，并表明它们通过不同的机制影响呼出的水平范围，这些机制既抑制穿透又增强混合。讨论了非均匀湍流和分层对封闭复杂空间中传染源传播的总体影响。
