Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Feb 21;10:820694. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.820694. eCollection 2022.
Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely adopted as a primary urban planning strategy to better integrate transit and land use; further, the pedestrian-oriented perspective has been receiving increasing attention. However, most studies so far have only focused on few features and fail to capture comprehensive perceptions in the transportation (T), pedestrian-oriented accessibility (O), and urban development (D) dimensions. New emerging urban datasets provide a more refined and systematic approach to quantify the characteristics of metro station areas. This study offers a more efficient and convenient process and comprehensive approach to measure TOD performance. With a combination of traditional data collected by an official department, high-resolution open data, and innovative technology, large-scale analyses of 347 metro stations in Shanghai were conducted. Fifteen indicators for T, O, and D were chosen to categorize TOD performance into five clusters. Radar charts, boxplots, and colored maps were used to display numerous quantitative factors for each type. Combining the results with the Shanghai Comprehensive Plan (2017-2035) showed that the majority of Cluster 4 is located at the center of the Five New Towns. The correlation analysis between ridership and TOD performance showed that the transportation dimension indicator has a strong correlation with daily ridership, followed by the O and D indicators. Moreover, ridership per capita was found to be affected by resident density, employment density, O value, and D value, whereas no significant correlation was found between ridership per capita and T value. Population plays a pivotal role in metro passenger traffic, indicating ridership per capita had a high, strong correlation with resident density, with = 0.658 for weekdays and = 0.654 for weekends. This study reinterpreted the node-place method and 5Ds framework, resulting in a renewal method with new datasets and analysis tools. It contributes to providing pedestrian-oriented TOD planning methodology for urban planners and policymakers by combining T, O, and D dimensions and visualizing the results with current urban planning.
译文：
摘要：过境导向型发展（TOD）已被广泛采用作为主要的城市规划策略，以更好地整合交通和土地利用；此外，行人导向的观点受到越来越多的关注。然而，迄今为止的大多数研究仅关注少数特征，无法捕捉到交通（T）、行人导向可达性（O）和城市发展（D）维度的综合感知。新兴的城市数据集为量化地铁站区域的特征提供了更精细和系统的方法。本研究提供了一种更高效和便捷的流程和综合方法来衡量 TOD 绩效。结合传统的官方部门收集的数据、高分辨率的开放数据和创新技术，对上海的 347 个地铁站进行了大规模分析。选择了 15 个 T、O 和 D 指标，将 TOD 绩效分为五个聚类。使用雷达图、箱线图和彩色地图显示每种类型的众多定量因素。将结果与《上海市城市总体规划（2017-2035 年）》相结合，表明大多数 4 类聚类位于五个新城镇的中心。与 TOD 绩效的相关性分析表明，交通维度指标与日常客流量具有很强的相关性，其次是 O 和 D 指标。此外，人均客流量受居民密度、就业密度、O 值和 D 值的影响，而人均客流量与 T 值之间没有显著相关性。人口在地铁客流量中起着关键作用，表明人均客流量与居民密度呈高度、强相关性，工作日的 = 0.658，周末的 = 0.654。本研究重新解释了节点位置方法和 5Ds 框架，利用新的数据集和分析工具产生了一种新的更新方法。通过结合 T、O 和 D 维度，并将结果与当前城市规划可视化，为城市规划师和政策制定者提供了行人导向的 TOD 规划方法。
