Ilyas Rushdan Ahmad, Aisyah Humaira Alias, Nordin Abu Hassan, Ngadi Norzita, Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff Mohd, Asyraf Muhammad Rizal Muhammad, Sapuan Salit Mohd, Zainudin Edi Syams, Sharma Shubham, Abral Hairul, Asrofi Mochamad, Syafri Edi, Sari Nasmi Herlina, Rafidah Mazlan, Zakaria Sharifah Zarina Syed, Razman Muhammad Rizal, Majid Nuriah Abd, Ramli Zuliskandar, Azmi Ashraf, Bangar Sneh Punia, Ibrahim Rushdan
Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Feb 23;14(5):874. doi: 10.3390/polym14050874.
There has been much effort to provide eco-friendly and biodegradable materials for the next generation of composite products owing to global environmental concerns and increased awareness of renewable green resources. This review article uniquely highlights the use of green composites from natural fiber, particularly with regard to the development and characterization of chitosan, natural-fiber-reinforced chitosan biopolymer, chitosan blends, and chitosan nanocomposites. Natural fiber composites have a number of advantages such as durability, low cost, low weight, high specific strength, non-abrasiveness, equitably good mechanical properties, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability. Findings revealed that chitosan is a natural fiber that falls to the animal fiber category. As it has a biomaterial form, chitosan can be presented as hydrogels, sponges, film, and porous membrane. There are different processing methods in the preparation of chitosan composites such as solution and solvent casting, dipping and spray coating, freeze casting and drying, layer-by-layer preparation, and extrusion. It was also reported that the developed chitosan-based composites possess high thermal stability, as well as good chemical and physical properties. In these regards, chitosan-based "green" composites have wide applicability and potential in the industry of biomedicine, cosmetology, papermaking, wastewater treatment, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.
由于全球环境问题以及对可再生绿色资源的认识不断提高，人们为下一代复合材料产品提供环保且可生物降解材料付出了诸多努力。这篇综述文章特别强调了天然纤维绿色复合材料的应用，尤其是壳聚糖、天然纤维增强壳聚糖生物聚合物、壳聚糖共混物和壳聚糖纳米复合材料的开发与表征。天然纤维复合材料具有许多优点，如耐久性、低成本、低重量、高比强度、无磨蚀性、机械性能相当良好、环境友好以及可生物降解性。研究结果表明，壳聚糖是一种属于动物纤维类别的天然纤维。由于其具有生物材料形式，壳聚糖可以呈现为水凝胶、海绵、薄膜和多孔膜。壳聚糖复合材料的制备有不同的加工方法，如溶液和溶剂浇铸、浸渍和喷涂、冷冻浇铸和干燥、逐层制备以及挤出。据报道，所开发的基于壳聚糖的复合材料还具有高热稳定性以及良好的化学和物理性能。在这些方面，基于壳聚糖的“绿色”复合材料在生物医学、美容、造纸、废水处理、农业和制药行业具有广泛的适用性和潜力。
