Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 22;14(5):922. doi: 10.3390/nu14050922.
Due to the role that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) play in the obesity epidemic, SSB taxes have been enacted in the United States in the California cities of Albany, Berkeley, Oakland, and San Francisco, as well as in Boulder, Philadelphia, and Seattle. We pooled five years of Nielsen Consumer Panel and Retail Scanner Data (2014-18) to examine purchasing behaviors in and around these cities that have instituted SSB taxes. We included households that were either subject to the tax during the study period or were in surrounding areas within the same state. The goal was to test for the differential impact of SSB taxes by income level and type of tax. Multivariate analyses of beverage purchases found that (1) there is a dose-response relationship with the size of the SSB tax; (2) the Philadelphia tax, which is the only one that includes low-calorie beverages, is associated with greater reductions in SSB purchases and an increase in bottled water purchase; and (3) approximately 72% of the tax is passed through to consumers, but this does not vary by income level of the household. Few income-related effects were detected. Overall, our findings suggest that the Philadelphia model may be the most effective at encouraging healthy habits in beverage choice.
由于含糖饮料 (SSB) 在肥胖流行中所起的作用，美国的加利福尼亚州的奥尔巴尼、伯克利、奥克兰和旧金山，以及科罗拉多州的博尔德、宾夕法尼亚州的费城和华盛顿州的西雅图都已经对 SSB 征税。我们汇集了五年的尼尔森消费者小组和零售扫描器数据（2014-18 年），以研究这些已经实施 SSB 税的城市及其周边地区的购买行为。我们包括在研究期间受该税影响或在同一州的周边地区的家庭。目的是通过收入水平和税种来测试 SSB 税的差异影响。对饮料购买的多元分析发现：（1）SSB 税的规模与购买量之间存在剂量反应关系；（2）费城的税种只包括低卡路里饮料，与 SSB 购买量的更大减少和瓶装水购买量的增加有关；（3）约 72%的税款转嫁给了消费者，但这与家庭的收入水平无关。几乎没有发现与收入相关的影响。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，费城模式可能是最有效的，鼓励人们在饮料选择方面养成健康的习惯。
