Quddus Ray Adil, Ahmad Nisar, Khalique Anjum, Bhatti Jalees Ahmed
Department of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Feb 25;12(5):578. doi: 10.3390/ani12050578.
The current study aimed to investigate the monitoring behaviors of the NEDAP system in buffaloes, to evaluate the validation, accuracy, and precision over visual observation and video recording. The NEDAP neck and leg tags were attached on the left side of the neck and left front leg of multiparous dairy buffaloes (n = 30). The feeding, rumination, lying, and standing behaviors were monitored by the NEDAP system, visual observation, and video recording. The feeding time monitored by NEDAP was 25.2 ± 2.7 higher (p < 0.05) than visual observation and video recording. However, the rumination, lying, and standing time was lower (p < 0.05) in buffaloes when monitored by the NEDAP technology than by visual observation and video recording. The Pearson correlation between NEDAP technology with visual observation and video recording for feeding, rumination, lying, and standing was 0.91, 0.85, 0.93, and 0.87, respectively. The concordance correlation coefficient between the NEDAP with visual observation and video recording was high for rumination and standing (0.91 for both), while moderate for feeding and lying (0.85 and 0.88, respectively). The Bland−Altman plots were created to determine the association between NEDAP and visual observation and video recording, showing no bias. Therefore, a high level of agreement was found. In conclusion, the current finding showed that the NEDAP system can be used for monitoring feeding, rumination, lying, and standing behaviors in buffaloes. Moreover, these results revealed that the buffalo behavior was monitored precisely using NEDAP technology than visual observation and video recording. This technology will be useful for the diagnosis of diseases.
本研究旨在调查内达普系统对水牛的监测行为，评估其相对于视觉观察和视频记录的有效性、准确性和精确性。在内达普颈部和腿部标签附着于经产奶用水牛（n = 30）的颈部左侧和左前腿。通过内达普系统、视觉观察和视频记录对采食、反刍、躺卧和站立行为进行监测。内达普监测的采食时间比视觉观察和视频记录高25.2±2.7（p < 0.05）。然而，在内达普技术监测下，水牛的反刍、躺卧和站立时间比视觉观察和视频记录时短（p < 0.05）。内达普技术与视觉观察和视频记录在采食、反刍、躺卧和站立方面的皮尔逊相关性分别为0.91、0.85、0.93和0.87。内达普与视觉观察和视频记录在反刍和站立方面的一致性相关系数较高（两者均为0.91），而在采食和躺卧方面为中等（分别为0.85和0.88）。绘制布兰德 - 奥特曼图以确定内达普与视觉观察和视频记录之间的关联，结果显示无偏差。因此，发现一致性水平较高。总之，当前研究结果表明内达普系统可用于监测水牛的采食、反刍、躺卧和站立行为。此外，这些结果表明，使用内达普技术比视觉观察和视频记录能更精确地监测水牛行为。该技术将有助于疾病诊断。
