Behl Tapan, Gupta Amit, Chigurupati Sridevi, Singh Sukhbir, Sehgal Aayush, Badavath Vishnu Nayak, Alhowail Ahmad, Mani Vasudevan, Bhatia Saurabh, Al-Harrasi Ahmed, Bungau Simona
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia.
Molecules. 2022 Feb 27;27(5):1583. doi: 10.3390/molecules27051583.
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) may originate from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and sugar in conditions of pathology. They are known to have high reactivity towards DNA as well as nucleophilic sites of proteins, resulting in cellular dysfunction. It has been considered that various pathological conditions are associated with an increased level of RCS and their reaction products. Thus, regulating the levels of RCS may be associated with the mitigation of various metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to perform a comprehensive review, various literature databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, along with Google Scholar, were utilized to obtain relevant articles. The voluminous review concluded that various synthetic and natural agents are available or in pipeline research that hold tremendous potential to be used as a drug of choice in the therapeutic management of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and diabetes-associated complications of atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and nephropathy. From the available data, it may be emphasized that various synthetic agents, such as carnosine and simvastatin, and natural agents, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, can become a drug of choice in the therapeutic management for combating metabolic syndromes that involve RCS in their pathophysiology. Since the RCS are known to regulate the biological processes, future research warrants detailed investigations to decipher the precise mechanism.
活性羰基化合物（RCS）可能源于病理状态下不饱和脂肪酸和糖类的氧化。已知它们对DNA以及蛋白质的亲核位点具有高反应性，从而导致细胞功能障碍。人们认为各种病理状况都与RCS及其反应产物水平的升高有关。因此，调节RCS的水平可能与减轻各种代谢和神经退行性疾病有关。为了进行全面综述，我们利用了包括MEDLINE、EMBASE以及谷歌学术在内的各种文献数据库来获取相关文章。这篇详尽的综述得出结论，有多种合成和天然制剂可供使用或正处于研究阶段，它们在治疗代谢综合征（包括肥胖症、血脂异常、糖尿病以及糖尿病相关的动脉粥样硬化、神经病变和肾病并发症）方面具有巨大的潜力，有望成为首选药物。根据现有数据，可以强调的是，各种合成制剂，如肌肽和辛伐他汀，以及天然制剂，如多酚和萜类化合物，在治疗涉及RCS病理生理过程的代谢综合征时，可能成为首选药物。由于已知RCS可调节生物过程，未来的研究需要进行详细调查以阐明其确切机制。
