School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Molecules. 2022 Mar 1;27(5):1623. doi: 10.3390/molecules27051623.
COVID-19 is an endothelial disease. All the major comorbidities that increase the risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 including old age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disease, compromised immune system, coronary artery disease or heart failure are associated with dysfunctional endothelium. Genetics and environmental factors (epigenetics) are major risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor COVID-19 outcomes and higher risk of mortality. Old age is a non-modifiable risk factor. All other risk factors are modifiable. This review also identifies dietary risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. Potential dietary preventions that address endothelial dysfunction and its sequelae may have an important role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and are key factors for future research to address. This review presents some dietary bioactives with demonstrated efficacy against dysfunctional endothelial cells. This review also covers dietary bioactives with efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dietary bioactive compounds that prevent endothelial dysfunction and its sequelae, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, will result in more effective prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant infection severity and are key factors for future food research to address.
COVID-19 是一种血管内皮疾病。所有增加严重 SARS-CoV-2 感染和严重 COVID-19 风险的主要合并症，包括年龄较大、肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、呼吸道疾病、免疫系统受损、冠状动脉疾病或心力衰竭，都与功能失调的血管内皮有关。遗传和环境因素（表观遗传学）是血管内皮功能障碍的主要危险因素。患有代谢综合征的个体感染严重 SARS-CoV-2 的风险增加，COVID-19 结局较差，死亡率更高。年龄较大是不可改变的危险因素。所有其他危险因素都是可改变的。这篇综述还确定了血管内皮功能障碍的饮食风险因素。针对血管内皮功能障碍及其后果的潜在饮食预防措施可能在预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染严重程度方面发挥重要作用，是未来研究的关键因素。本综述介绍了一些已证明对功能失调的内皮细胞具有疗效的饮食生物活性物质。本综述还涵盖了对 SARS-CoV-2 感染具有疗效的饮食生物活性物质。预防血管内皮功能障碍及其后果的饮食生物活性化合物，特别是在胃肠道中，将更有效地预防 SARS-CoV-2 变异感染的严重程度，是未来食品研究的关键因素。
