Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 25;23(5):2569. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052569.
Immunotherapeutic treatment approaches are now an integral part of the treatment of many solid tumors. However, attempts to integrate immunotherapy into the treatment of prostate cancer have been disappointing so far. This is due to a highly immunosuppressive, "cold" tumor microenvironment, which is characterized, for example, by the absence of cytotoxic T cells, an increased number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells or regulatory T cells, a decreased number of tumor antigens, or a defect in antigen presentation. The consequence is a reduced efficacy of many established immunotherapeutic treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors. However, a growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tumor-immune system interactions raises hopes that immunotherapeutic strategies can be optimized in the future. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current status and future directions of immunotherapy development in prostate cancer. Background information on immune response and tumor microenvironment will help to better understand current therapeutic strategies under preclinical and clinical development.
免疫治疗方法现已成为许多实体瘤治疗不可或缺的一部分。然而，目前将免疫疗法纳入前列腺癌治疗的尝试令人失望。这是由于高度免疫抑制的“冷”肿瘤微环境所致，其特征例如是缺乏细胞毒性 T 细胞、髓系来源的抑制细胞或调节性 T 细胞增多、肿瘤抗原减少，或抗原呈递缺陷。其结果是许多已确立的免疫治疗方法（如检查点抑制剂）的疗效降低。然而，对肿瘤-免疫系统相互作用的潜在机制的认识不断提高，使人们希望未来能够优化免疫治疗策略。本文旨在概述前列腺癌免疫治疗的现状和未来发展方向。免疫反应和肿瘤微环境的背景信息将有助于更好地理解临床前和临床开发中当前的治疗策略。
