Temirbekova Sulukhan K, Kulikov Ivan M, Ashirbekov Mukhtar Z, Afanasyeva Yuliya V, Beloshapkina Olga O, Tyryshkin Lev G, Zuev Evgeniy V, Kirakosyan Rima N, Glinushkin Alexey P, Potapova Elena S, Rebouh Nazih Y
All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazyomy, Odintsovo District, 143050 Moscow, Russia.
Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, 115598 Moscow, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 4;11(5):699. doi: 10.3390/plants11050699.
is one of the most harmful fungal diseases, causing colossal yield losses and deteriorating grain quality. Wheat genotypes from the world collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute (VIR) were evaluated for fifty years to investigate their resistance to biotic stress factors (). Between 350 to 1085 of winter wheat genotypes were investigated annually. Ten out of fifty years were identified as rot epiphytotics (1978, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2021). The wheat collection was investigated by following the VIR methodological requirements and CMEA unified classification of L. The field investigations were carried out in the early spring during fixed-route observations and data collection was included on the spread and development degree of the disease, followed by microbiological and microscopic pathogen identifications. The observations revealed that the primary reason for pink snow mold to infect the wheat crops was abiotic stress factors, such as thawed soil covered in snow that increased the soil temperature by 1.0-4.6 °C above normal. Under these conditions, the plants kept growing, quickly exhausting their carbohydrate and protein resources, thus weakening their immune systems, which made them an easy target for different infections, mainly cryophilic fungi, predominantly in the Moscow region. In some years, the joint effect of abiotic and biotic stresses caused crop failure, warranting the replanting of the spring wheat. The investigated wheat genotypes exhibited variable resistance to pink snow mold. The genotypes Mironovskaya 808 (k-43920) from Ukraine;l Nemchinovskaya 846 (k-56861), from Russia; Novobanatka (k-51761) from Yugoslavia; Liwilla (k-57580) from Poland; Zdar (UH 7050) from the Czech Republic; Maris Plowman (k-57944) from the United Kingdom; Pokal (k-56827) from Austria; Hvede Sarah (k-56289) from Denmark; Moldova 83 (k-59750) from Romania; Compal (k-57585) from Germany; Linna (k-45889) from Finland and Kehra (k-34228) from Estonia determined the sources, stability and tolerance to be used in advanced breeding programs.
是最具危害性的真菌病害之一，会造成巨大的产量损失并使谷物品质下降。对全俄植物栽培研究所（VIR）世界小麦种质资源库中的小麦基因型进行了五十年的评估，以研究它们对生物胁迫因素的抗性（）。每年对350至1085个冬小麦基因型进行调查。五十年中有十年被确定为赤霉病流行年份（1978年、1986年、1989年、1990年、1993年、1998年、2001年、2003年、2005年和2021年）。按照VIR的方法要求和CMEA对叶锈病的统一分类对小麦种质资源库进行了调查。在早春进行固定路线观察时开展田间调查，并收集有关病害传播和发展程度的数据，随后进行微生物学和显微镜下病原菌鉴定。观察结果表明，粉红雪霉感染小麦作物的主要原因是非生物胁迫因素，比如被雪覆盖的解冻土壤使土壤温度比正常温度高出1.0 - 4.6摄氏度。在这些条件下，植株持续生长，迅速耗尽其碳水化合物和蛋白质资源，从而削弱了它们的免疫系统，这使它们成为不同感染的易感染对象，主要是嗜冷真菌，在莫斯科地区尤为明显。在某些年份，非生物和生物胁迫的共同作用导致作物歉收，需要重新种植春小麦。所调查的小麦基因型对粉红雪霉表现出不同程度的抗性。来自乌克兰的米罗诺夫斯卡亚808（k - 43920）；来自俄罗斯的涅姆钦诺夫斯卡亚846（k - 56861）；来自南斯拉夫的诺沃巴纳特卡（k - 51761）；来自波兰的利维拉（k - 57580）；来自捷克共和国的兹达尔（UH 7050）；来自英国的马里斯·普洛曼（k - 57944）；来自奥地利的波卡尔（k - 56827）；来自丹麦的赫维德·莎拉（k - 56289）；来自罗马尼亚的摩尔多瓦83（k - 59750）；来自德国的康帕尔（k - 57585）；来自芬兰的利纳（k - 45889）和来自爱沙尼亚的凯赫拉（k - 34228）确定了可用于高级育种计划的抗性来源、稳定性和耐受性。
