Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Sidi Bouzid, CRRA, Gafsa Road Km 6, B.P. 357, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia.
Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Meriem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 23;14(1):2014. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52474-w.
The study investigated the antifungal and phytochemical properties of three forest plants (Eucalyptus globulus, Pistacia lentiscus, and Juniperus phoenicea) against apple diseases caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata. The determination of the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the three aqueous extracts of studied plants showed that E. globulus exhibited the highest contents than those of P. lentiscus and J. phoenicea. Furthermore, the three studied extracts showed very appreciable antioxidant activity with decreasing order: E. globulus, P. lentiscus, and J. phoenicea. The phytochemical analysis showed different common phenolic acids in the three studied plants namely: quinic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeoylquinic acid as well as other flavonoids mainly quercetin and catechin. The results of the current study demonstrated that the fungistatic activity of E. globulus EO (4 and 2 µl/ml) seemed to be the most effective under laboratory conditions with an inhibition zone diameter above 16 mm. However, the poisoned food technique indicated that the aqueous extract (80%) and the essential oil (4 µl/ml) of E. globulus exhibited the highest mycelial growth (> 67%) and spore germination (> 99%) inhibition. Preventive treatments with essential oils (4 µl/ml) and aqueous extracts (80%) applied to apple fruits inoculated with A. alternata and C. gloeosporioides resulted in the lowest lesion diameter (< 6.80 mm) and disease severity index (< 15%) and the most favorable inhibitory growth (> 85.45%) and protective potentials (> 84.92%). The results suggest that E. globulus has a brilliant future in the management of anthracnose and Alternaria rot of apple and provide a basis for further studies on its effects under field conditions.
本研究调查了三种森林植物（桉树、乳香黄连木和刺柏）的抗真菌和植物化学特性，以对抗由胶孢炭疽菌和交替镰刀菌引起的苹果病害。测定三种植物水提物中的总多酚和类黄酮含量表明，桉树的含量高于乳香黄连木和刺柏。此外，三种研究提取物表现出非常可观的抗氧化活性，按顺序递减：桉树、乳香黄连木和刺柏。植物化学分析表明，三种研究植物中存在不同的常见酚酸，分别为：奎宁酸、没食子酸、绿原酸和咖啡酰奎宁酸以及其他主要为槲皮素和儿茶素的类黄酮。本研究结果表明，桉树精油（4 和 2 µl/ml）的抑菌活性在实验室条件下似乎最为有效，抑菌圈直径超过 16mm。然而，毒饵法表明，桉树的水提物（80%）和精油（4 µl/ml）对菌丝生长（>67%）和孢子萌发（>99%）的抑制作用最强。将精油（4 µl/ml）和水提物（80%）施用于接种了交替镰刀菌和胶孢炭疽菌的苹果果实上进行预防性处理，可导致病斑直径（<6.80mm）和病情严重指数（<15%）最小，对生长的抑制作用（>85.45%）和保护作用（>84.92%）最强。结果表明，桉树在防治苹果炭疽病和Alternaria 腐烂病方面具有广阔的前景，为进一步研究其在田间条件下的效果提供了依据。
