Temirbekova Sulukhan K, Kulikov Ivan M, Afanasyeva Yuliya V, Beloshapkina Olga O, Kalashnikova Elena A, Kirakosyan Rima N, Dokukin Peter A, Kucher Dmitry E, Latati Mourad, Rebouh Nazih Y
All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazyomy, Odintsovo District, 143050 Moscow, Russia.
Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, 115598 Moscow, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Oct 29;10(11):2337. doi: 10.3390/plants10112337.
The paper presents the results of a 50-year research of the genepool of the winter wheat from the world's largest wheat collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) to investigate its resistance to the abiotic stress factors of the Moscow region and see how closely it matches the attributes of a wheat ideotype as postulated by N.I. Vavilov in 1935. The critical years in studying the wheat's winter resistance were 10 years out of 50: excessive water saturation during the year 2013; soil drought in 1988; and atmospheric drought in 1972 and 2010. During the investigation, the following gene pool features were analyzed: frost characterized by the cultivar Sojuz 50 (Russia), rapid temperature change, thawing, ice, and rotting resistance characterized by the cultivars Zarya 2 (Russia), Sv 75268, (Sweden), Caristerm and Tukan (Germany), PP 114-74 and Liwilla (Poland), Maris Ploughman and Granta (Great Britain), Titan (USA), Zdar (Czech), and Zenta (Switzerland); regeneration capacity in spring after poor wintering expressed by the cultivars Pamyati Fedina (Russia), TAW 3668.71 (Germany) and Rmo (Poland); resistance to excessive soil and air saturation exhibited by the cultivars Moskovskaya 39 (Russia), Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, and Bussard (Germany); solid standing culm that is resistant to lodging characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Kronjuwel, Compal (Germany), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 56 (Russia), and Hvede Sarah (Denmark); resistance to enzyme-mycotic depletion of seeds characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, Bussard (Germany), Sv 75268, Helge, VG 73394, Salut, Sv 75355 (Sweden), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 39, and Ferrugineum 737.76 (Russia); and resistance to soil and atmospheric drought demonstrated by the cultivars Liessau, Heine Stamm, Severin, Neuzucht 14/4, Haynes, Rus 991, Halle 1020 (Germany), Gama (Poland), Sv 71536 (Sweden), and Moskovskaya 39 (Russia). Moreover, the cultivar Mironovskaya 808 (Ukraine) showed resistance to almost all abiotic stress factors studied. The performed study contributes towards the provision of potential sources of resistance to abiotic stress factors prevalent in the Moscow region that can be incorporated in advanced breeding programs.
本文展示了对世界最大的小麦种质库——全俄植物栽培研究所（VIR）的尼·伊·瓦维洛夫植物工业研究所的冬小麦基因库进行的50年研究结果，以调查其对莫斯科地区非生物胁迫因素的抗性，并观察其与尼·伊·瓦维洛夫在1935年提出的小麦理想型特征的匹配程度。在研究小麦抗寒性的50年中，关键年份有10年：2013年水分过度饱和；1988年土壤干旱；1972年和2010年大气干旱。在调查过程中，分析了以下基因库特征：以俄罗斯品种Sojuz 50为特征的抗冻性；以俄罗斯品种Zarya 2、瑞典品种Sv 75268、德国品种Caristerm和Tukan、波兰品种PP 114 - 74和Liwilla、英国品种Maris Ploughman和Granta、美国品种Titan、捷克品种Zdar、瑞士品种Zenta为特征的快速温度变化、解冻、抗冰和抗腐烂能力；以俄罗斯品种Pamyati Fedina、德国品种TAW 3668.71和波兰品种Rmo为特征的越冬不良后春季再生能力；以俄罗斯品种Moskovskaya 39、德国品种Tukan、Compal、Obelisk、Orestis和Bussard为特征的抗土壤和空气过度饱和能力；以德国品种Tukan、Kronjuwel、Compal、瑞士品种Zenta、俄罗斯品种Moskovskaya 56、丹麦品种Hvede Sarah为特征的抗倒伏实心茎秆；以德国品种Tukan、Compal、Obelisk、Orestis、Bussard、瑞典品种Sv 75268、Helge、VG 73394、Salut、Sv 75355、瑞士品种Zenta、俄罗斯品种Moskovskaya 39和Ferrugineum 737.76为特征的抗种子酶 - 真菌消耗能力；以德国品种Liessau、Heine Stamm、Severin、Neuzucht 14/4、Haynes、Rus 991、Halle 1020、波兰品种Gama、瑞典品种Sv 71536、俄罗斯品种Moskovskaya 39为特征的抗土壤和大气干旱能力。此外，乌克兰品种Mironovskaya 808对几乎所有研究的非生物胁迫因素都表现出抗性。所进行的研究有助于提供对莫斯科地区普遍存在的非生物胁迫因素具有抗性的潜在来源，可将其纳入先进的育种计划中。
