Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha St., 40-844 Katowice, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 23;19(5):2590. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19052590.
A health risk assessment was carried out for the residents of Łęgnowo-Wieś settlement adjacent to a former Zachem Chemical Plant, Bydgoszcz, Poland. Due to the unique Zachem site history and contamination profile, an innovative strategy for soil sampling and contaminant selection was applied. The novelty in the developed strategy consisted of selecting substances for the health risk assessment, taking into consideration the location and boundaries of the groundwater contamination plumes in relation to contamination sources. This allowed limiting the number of the analysed contaminants. The risk assessment focused on the surface soil of a residential area, which was divided into 20 sampling sectors and 6 backyards with wells from which water was used for watering edible plants. A total of 80 inorganic and organic substances were determined, including metals, phenol, aniline, BTEX, diphenyl sulphone, chloroaniline, epichlorohydrin, hydroxybiphenyl, nitrobenzene, octylphenols, toluenediamine, toluidine, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene. For the health risk assessment, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's deterministic method was applied. This applies conservative assumptions to obtain risk estimates protective for most of the potential receptors. Three exposure pathways were analysed: (1) incidental soil ingestion, (2) dermal contact with soil and (3) inhalation of fugitive soil particles and volatiles. In all sampling sectors and backyards, the total non-cancer risks (hazard index) were significantly lower than the acceptable level of 1. The acceptable cancer risk level for the single carcinogen of 1 × 10 was only insignificantly exceeded in the case of benzo(a)pyrene in three sectors and one backyard. The total cancer risks were lower than the acceptable level of 1 × 10 in all sampling sectors and all backyards. The findings show that the soil in the entire residential area is safe for the residents' health and no remedial actions are required. However, since not all possible exposure pathways were analysed in this study, further research focused on assessing the health risk resulting from the consumption of locally grown food is strongly recommended.
对波兰比得哥什市Łęgnowo-Wieś 定居点的居民进行了健康风险评估，该定居点毗邻前 Zachem 化工厂。由于 Zachem 场地独特的历史和污染特征，应用了一种创新的土壤采样和污染物选择策略。该策略的新颖之处在于，考虑到地下水污染羽与污染源的位置和边界，选择了用于健康风险评估的物质。这使得分析的污染物数量得以限制。风险评估侧重于住宅区的表土，该表土分为 20 个采样区和 6 个带井的后院，这些水井用于浇灌食用植物。总共确定了 80 种无机和有机物质，包括金属、苯酚、苯胺、BTEX、二苯砜、氯苯胺、表氯醇、羟基联苯、硝基苯、辛基酚、甲苯二胺、甲苯、16 种多环芳烃、四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯。对于健康风险评估，应用了美国环境保护署的确定性方法。该方法采用保守假设，以获得对大多数潜在受体具有保护作用的风险估计。分析了三种暴露途径：（1）偶然摄入土壤，（2）皮肤接触土壤，（3）逸散土壤颗粒和挥发性物质的吸入。在所有采样区和后院，非癌症总风险（危害指数）均显著低于 1 的可接受水平。在所研究的三个采样区和一个后院中，仅苯并(a)芘这一单一致癌物质的可接受致癌风险水平 1×10 被略微超过。在所有采样区和后院，总癌症风险均低于 1×10 的可接受水平。研究结果表明，整个住宅区的土壤对居民健康是安全的，不需要采取补救措施。然而，由于本研究没有分析所有可能的暴露途径，因此强烈建议进一步研究评估当地种植的食物消费所带来的健康风险。
