Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy.
Law Department, "Giustino Fortunato" University of Benevento, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 6;19(5):3097. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19053097.
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transition stage between normal aging and dementia and can be useful to monitor the cognitive status of people at risk of dementias. Our aims were to investigate the prevalence of amnestic and non-amnestic MCI in a South Italian elderly population, and to identify socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors associated with MCI. A cross-sectional retrospective population study on 839 community-dwelling participants over 60 years of age was carried out. Elderly people were administered a brief neuropsychological screening to identify their cognitive and functional status, and a questionnaire to investigate several socio-demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Prevalence estimate for MCI was 12.0% (95% CI: 10.0-14.5%), for amnestic MCI was 7.4% (95% CI: 5.8-9.4%), and for non-amnestic MCI was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.4-6.4%), for people older than 60 years of age. Logistic regression models, corrected for age, sex, and education, revealed a significant association of MCI with the following factors: age, education, intellectual activities, and topographical disorientation. On the other hand, education, clinical factors (e.g., depression level and perceived physical pain), lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, and leisure/productive activities), dietary habits, quality of life, and self-reported topographical disorientation were non-significantly associated with MCI. Prevalence estimates and the association of MCI and its subtypes with risk and protective factors were discussed in comparison with the most recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 是正常衰老和痴呆之间的过渡阶段，可用于监测痴呆高危人群的认知状态。我们的目的是调查南意大利老年人群中遗忘型和非遗忘型 MCI 的患病率，并确定与 MCI 相关的社会人口学、临床和生活方式因素。对 839 名 60 岁以上的社区居民进行了横断面回顾性人群研究。对老年人进行了简短的神经心理学筛查，以确定他们的认知和功能状态，并进行了问卷调查，以调查多种社会人口学、临床和生活方式因素。MCI 的患病率估计为 12.0%（95%CI：10.0-14.5%），遗忘型 MCI 的患病率为 7.4%（95%CI：5.8-9.4%），非遗忘型 MCI 的患病率为 4.6%（95%CI：3.4-6.4%）。多因素逻辑回归模型校正年龄、性别和教育后，发现 MCI 与以下因素显著相关：年龄、教育、智力活动和地理定向障碍。另一方面，教育、临床因素（如抑郁程度和感知身体疼痛）、生活方式因素（如吸烟、饮酒、休闲/生产活动）、饮食习惯、生活质量和自我报告的地理定向障碍与 MCI 无显著相关性。患病率估计值以及 MCI 及其亚型与风险和保护因素的相关性与最近的系统评价和荟萃分析进行了讨论。
