Tomlin Kylie B, Akinlosotu Ruth, Gorman Emily F, Schmitt Emily, Eaton Stephen, Westlake Kelly P
School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2025 May 15. doi: 10.1007/s11065-025-09661-x.
The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the current evidence on motor learning in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A search of five databases returned a total of 6058 references, 10 of which met criteria for inclusion in this review. The existing evidence was notably variable with an overall moderate risk of bias. Eight articles compared behavioral motor learning outcomes in MCI and age matched, non-cognitively impaired (NCI) samples. In 37.5% of these studies, the degree of motor skill acquisition in the MCI group was statistically significantly less than in the NCI group. Skill retention was only compared between MCI and NCI samples in one article, which reported a relative reduction in MCI group performance following a 24-h, no-practice delay. Importantly, none of the included articles examined motor skill transfer. We discuss possible sources of heterogeneity among collective findings including variability in motor tasks, outcome measurement, and research design. Further research is needed to support a comprehensive understanding of motor learning in the early stages of age-related cognitive decline. Future investigations should emphasize functional motor tasks and clinically relevant learning outcomes, including retention and transfer of motor skills, while controlling for potentially confounding factors such as motivation and sleep performance. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (registration ID CRD42023417329).
本系统评价的目的是综合当前关于轻度认知障碍（MCI）中运动学习的证据。对五个数据库进行检索后共获得6058篇参考文献，其中10篇符合纳入本评价的标准。现有证据存在显著差异，总体偏倚风险为中度。八篇文章比较了MCI组与年龄匹配的非认知障碍（NCI）样本的行为运动学习结果。在这些研究中，37.5%的研究表明，MCI组的运动技能习得程度在统计学上显著低于NCI组。只有一篇文章比较了MCI组和NCI组样本之间的技能保持情况，该文章报告称，在24小时无练习延迟后，MCI组的表现相对下降。重要的是，纳入的文章均未研究运动技能转移。我们讨论了集体研究结果中异质性的可能来源，包括运动任务、结果测量和研究设计的变异性。需要进一步的研究来支持对年龄相关认知衰退早期运动学习的全面理解。未来的研究应强调功能性运动任务和临床相关的学习结果，包括运动技能的保持和转移，同时控制动机和睡眠表现等潜在混杂因素。本系统评价已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库PROSPERO（注册号CRD42023417329）上注册。
