Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of General Psychology (DPG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Exp Aging Res. 2023 Mar-Apr;49(2):173-182. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2022.2041324. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
Cognitive Reserve (CR) plays a protective role in neurological and acute/chronic diseases. Its effect on mood, however, is still unclear, although it may be relevant in a hospital setting. We aimed to explore the relationship between CR and depressive mood in older inpatients, evaluating possible gender- and age-related differences. This study involved 86 inpatients aged ≥65 years with an MMSE ≥15. Participants underwent a multidimensional evaluation that included the assessment of CR with the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire, divided into three sections (Education, Working Activity, and Leisure Time). Depressive mood was assessed with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The relationship between CR and GDS was evaluated by multivariable linear regressions. Significant inverse associations between CR and GDS scores emerged in the total sample (β = -0.03 [SD = 0.02], p = .047), especially in men (β = -0.05 [SD = 0.02], p = .005) and in individuals aged <85 years (β = -0.07 [SD = 0.03], p = .01). Among the single CRI sections, CRI-Leisure Time was significantly associated with GDS in the total sample, in men, and participants <85 years. CR seems to be inversely associated with depressive mood in older inpatients. This relationship is particularly marked for CR related to Leisure Time, which may be modifiable even in older age through social support and interaction.
认知储备（CR）在神经和急性/慢性疾病中起着保护作用。然而，它对情绪的影响尚不清楚，尽管它在医院环境中可能是相关的。我们旨在探讨 CR 与老年住院患者抑郁情绪之间的关系，评估可能存在的性别和年龄相关差异。本研究纳入了 86 名年龄≥65 岁、MMSE≥15 的住院患者。参与者接受了多维评估，包括使用认知储备指数问卷评估 CR，该问卷分为三个部分（教育、工作活动和休闲时间）。抑郁情绪采用 15 项老年抑郁量表（GDS）评估。采用多元线性回归评估 CR 与 GDS 之间的关系。在总样本中，CR 与 GDS 评分呈显著负相关（β=-0.03 [SD=0.02]，p=0.047），尤其是男性（β=-0.05 [SD=0.02]，p=0.005）和年龄<85 岁的个体（β=-0.07 [SD=0.03]，p=0.01）。在单个 CRI 部分中，CRI-休闲时间与总样本、男性和年龄<85 岁的参与者的 GDS 显著相关。CR 似乎与老年住院患者的抑郁情绪呈负相关。这种关系在与休闲时间相关的 CR 中尤为明显，即使在老年时期，通过社会支持和互动，这种 CR 也可能是可改变的。
