School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China.
School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2022 May 1;178:31-39. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.016. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
Seed germination is a crucial stage in a plant's life cycle, during which the embryo, surrounded by several tissues, undergoes a transition from the quiescent to a highly active state. Endosperm weakening, a key step in this transition, plays an important role in radicle protrusion. Endosperm weakening is initiated upon water uptake, followed by multiple key molecular events occurring within and outside endosperm cells. Although available transcriptomes have provided information about pivotal genes involved in this process, a complete understanding of the signaling pathways are yet to be elucidated. Much remains to be learnt about the diverse intercellular signals, such as reactive oxygen species-mediated redox signals, phytohormone crosstalk, environmental cue-dependent oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisomal-mediated pectin degradation, and storage protein mobilization during endosperm cell wall loosening. This review discusses the evidences from recent researches into the mechanism of endosperm weakening. Further, given that the endosperm has great potential for manipulation by crop breeding and biotechnology, we offer several novel insights, which will be helpful in this research field and in its application to the improvement of crop production.
种子萌发是植物生命周期中的一个关键阶段，在此期间，被多个组织包围的胚胎从静止状态过渡到高度活跃的状态。胚乳弱化是这一转变中的关键步骤，在胚根突出中起着重要作用。胚乳弱化是在吸水后开始的，随后在胚乳细胞内外发生多个关键的分子事件。尽管现有的转录组提供了有关参与这一过程的关键基因的信息，但信号通路的完整理解仍有待阐明。在胚乳细胞细胞壁松弛过程中，还有许多关于细胞间不同信号的知识有待了解，例如活性氧介导的氧化还原信号、植物激素交叉对话、环境线索依赖性氧化磷酸化、过氧化物酶体介导的果胶降解和贮藏蛋白动员。本文综述了近年来关于胚乳弱化机制的研究证据。此外，鉴于胚乳在作物育种和生物技术方面具有很大的操作潜力，我们提供了一些新的见解，这将有助于该研究领域及其在提高作物产量方面的应用。
