Størdal Ketil, Ruiz Paz Lopez-Doriga, Greve-Isdahl Margrethe, Surén Pål, Knudsen Per Kristian, Gulseth Hanne Løvdal, Tapia German
Department of Pediatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Childrens Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
BMJ Open. 2022 Mar 11;12(3):e056549. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056549.
To determine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation among children and adolescents.
Nationwide, population-based cohort study.
Norway from 1 March 2020 to 30 November 2021.
All Norwegian residents<18 years of age.
Population-based healthcare and population registries were used to study risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including socioeconomic factors, country of origin and pre-existing chronic comorbidities. All residents were followed until age 18 years, emigration, death or end of follow-up. HRs estimated by Cox regression models were adjusted for testing frequency. Further, risk factors for admission to the hospital among the infected were investigated.
Of 1 219 184 residents, 82 734 (6.7%) tested positive by PCR or lateral flow tests, of whom 241 (0.29%) were admitted to a hospital. Low family income (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.30), crowded housing (1.27, 1.24 to 1.30), household size, age, non-Nordic country of origin (1.63, 1.60 to 1.66) and area of living were independent risk factors for infection. Chronic comorbidity was associated with a slightly lower risk of infection (aHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93). Chronic comorbidity was associated with hospitalisation (aHR 3.46, 95% CI 2.50 to 4.80), in addition to age, whereas socioeconomic status and country of origin did not predict hospitalisation among those infected.
Socioeconomic factors, country of origin and area of living were associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, these factors did not predict hospitalisation among those infected. Chronic comorbidity was associated with higher risk of admission but slightly lower overall risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2.
确定儿童和青少年感染新型冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）及住院的风险因素。
全国性基于人群的队列研究。
2020年3月1日至2021年11月30日期间的挪威。
所有18岁以下的挪威居民。
利用基于人群的医疗保健和人口登记数据研究SARS-CoV-2感染的风险因素，包括社会经济因素、原籍国和既往慢性合并症。所有居民随访至18岁、移民、死亡或随访结束。通过Cox回归模型估计的风险比（HR）针对检测频率进行了调整。此外，还调查了感染者住院的风险因素。
在1219184名居民中，82734人（6.7%）通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）或侧向流动检测呈阳性，其中241人（0.29%）入院治疗。家庭收入低（调整后HR（aHR）1.26，95%置信区间1.23至1.30）、住房拥挤（1.27，1.24至1.30）、家庭规模、年龄、非北欧原籍国（1.63，1.60至1.66）和居住地区是感染的独立风险因素。慢性合并症与感染风险略低相关（aHR 0.90，95%置信区间0.88至0.93）。除年龄外，慢性合并症与住院相关（aHR 3.46，95%置信区间2.50至4.80），而社会经济地位和原籍国并不能预测感染者的住院情况。
社会经济因素、原籍国和居住地区与SARS-CoV-2感染风险相关。然而，这些因素并不能预测感染者中的住院情况。慢性合并症与入院风险较高相关，但感染SARS-CoV-2的总体风险略低。
