Nguyen Nhu Ngoc, Hoang Van Thuan, Dao Thi Loi, Meddeb Line, Cortaredona Sébastien, Lagier Jean-Christophe, Million Matthieu, Raoult Didier, Gautret Philippe
Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.
IHU-Méditarranée Infection, Marseille, France.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Feb 25;9:794550. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.794550. eCollection 2022.
Smell and taste disorders are frequent symptoms during acute COVID-19 and may persist long after the resolution of the initial phase. This study aims to estimate the proportion and risk factors for smell and/or taste disorders at the onset of symptoms and their persistence after more than 6 months of follow-up in COVID-19 patients. We analyzed a prospective cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to our institute in Marseille, France in early 2020. After being discharged from the hospital, patients with smell and/or taste disorders were contacted for a telephone interview. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for smell and/or taste disorders. A total of 3,737 patients were included, of whom 1,676 reported smell and/or taste disorders at the onset of symptoms. Taste and/or smell disorders were independently associated with being younger and female, a lower likelihood of suffering from diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, a longer delay between the onset of symptoms and consultation, and non-severe forms of COVID-19 at admission. Of the 605 patients with smell and/or taste disorders who were followed-up, 154 (25.5%) reported the persistence of symptoms for more than 6 months. At the time of follow-up, being female, having a chronic respiratory disease and using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) were factors independently associated with the persistence of smell and/or taste disorders. In conclusion, the long-term persistence of olfactory and gustative disorders is frequent among COVID-19 patients, notably affecting female patients and patients who suffered from chronic respiratory diseases before infection. The role of ACEis needs to be further evaluated in larger numbers of patients.
嗅觉和味觉障碍是新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）急性期常见的症状，并且可能在初始阶段症状消退后持续很长时间。本研究旨在评估COVID-19患者症状出现时嗅觉和/或味觉障碍的比例及危险因素，以及随访6个月以上后这些症状的持续情况。我们分析了2020年初入住法国马赛我院的COVID-19患者的前瞻性队列。出院后，对有嗅觉和/或味觉障碍的患者进行电话访谈。采用逻辑回归分析确定嗅觉和/或味觉障碍的危险因素。共纳入3737例患者，其中1676例在症状出现时报告有嗅觉和/或味觉障碍。味觉和/或嗅觉障碍与年轻、女性、患糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症的可能性较低、症状出现与就诊之间的间隔时间较长以及入院时COVID-19病情不严重独立相关。在605例接受随访的有嗅觉和/或味觉障碍的患者中，154例（25.5%）报告症状持续超过6个月。在随访时，女性、患有慢性呼吸道疾病以及使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEIs）是与嗅觉和/或味觉障碍持续存在独立相关的因素。总之，嗅觉和味觉障碍在COVID-19患者中长期持续很常见，尤其影响女性患者以及感染前患有慢性呼吸道疾病的患者。ACEIs的作用需要在更多患者中进一步评估。
