Vints Wouter A J, Levin Oron, Fujiyama Hakuei, Verbunt Jeanine, Masiulis Nerijus
Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante Zorggroep, P.O. Box 88, 6430 AB Hoensbroek, the Netherlands.
Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2022 Jul;66:100993. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100993. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
Physical exercise may improve cognitive function by modulating molecular and cellular mechanisms within the brain. We propose that the facilitation of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP)-related pathways, by products induced by physical exercise (i.e., exerkines), is a crucial aspect of the exercise-effect on the brain. This review summarizes synaptic pathways that are activated by exerkines and may potentiate LTP. For a total of 16 exerkines, we indicated how blood and brain exerkine levels are altered depending on the type of physical exercise (i.e., cardiovascular or resistance exercise) and how they respond to a single bout (i.e., acute exercise) or multiple bouts of physical exercise (i.e., chronic exercise). This information may be used for designing individualized physical exercise programs. Finally, this review may serve to direct future research towards fundamental gaps in our current knowledge regarding the biophysical interactions between muscle activity and the brain at both cellular and system levels.
体育锻炼可能通过调节大脑内的分子和细胞机制来改善认知功能。我们提出，体育锻炼所诱导的产物（即运动因子）对与长时程突触增强（LTP）相关通路的促进作用，是运动对大脑产生影响的关键方面。本综述总结了由运动因子激活且可能增强LTP的突触通路。对于总共16种运动因子，我们指出了血液和大脑中运动因子水平如何根据体育锻炼的类型（即心血管运动或抗阻运动）而改变，以及它们如何对单次锻炼（即急性运动）或多次体育锻炼（即慢性运动）做出反应。这些信息可用于设计个性化的体育锻炼计划。最后，本综述可能有助于将未来的研究导向我们目前在细胞和系统水平上关于肌肉活动与大脑之间生物物理相互作用的知识中的基本空白。
