Munoz-Garcia D, Ludwin S K
J Neurocytol. 1986 Jun;15(3):273-90. doi: 10.1007/BF01611431.
The technique of organotypic tissue culture offers an opportunity to observe in vitro complex interactions among glial cells and neurons, leading to the formation of myelin. In the present and accompanying work a combined ultrastructural, immunocytochemical and autoradiographic approach was used in a detailed study of the process of gliogenesis. Using immunocytochemical and ultrastructural criteria, differentiation along the oligodendroglia cell line is seen to be initiated a few days later than along the astroglial line. The sequence and timing of oligodendroglial differentiation both ultrastructurally and chemically follow those described in vivo. Formation of myelin has been demonstrated only by oligodendrocytes in which there is continuity between the perikaryal plasmalemma and myelin membranes. Oligodendroglial maturation culminated with the formation of light, medium and dark oligodendrocytes. The periodic acid Schiff-positive, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-negative process of radial glial cells at explantation become GFAP-positive within 3 days, as described in vivo. Many of the astrocytes appear to have been derived from radial glial cells. Large numbers of dark glial cells, similar to the so-called 'intermediate glial cells', were seen. These were found to be astrocytes whose appearance probably reflected reaction to explantation-induced injury.
器官型组织培养技术提供了一个在体外观察神经胶质细胞和神经元之间复杂相互作用的机会，这种相互作用会导致髓鞘的形成。在当前及相关研究中，采用了超微结构、免疫细胞化学和放射自显影相结合的方法，对神经胶质生成过程进行了详细研究。根据免疫细胞化学和超微结构标准，少突胶质细胞系的分化比星形胶质细胞系的分化开始得晚几天。少突胶质细胞在超微结构和化学方面的分化顺序和时间与体内描述的情况一致。只有在核周质膜和髓鞘膜之间存在连续性的少突胶质细胞才能形成髓鞘。少突胶质细胞的成熟以亮、中、暗三种少突胶质细胞的形成为顶点。如体内所述，外植时呈高碘酸希夫阳性、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）阴性的放射状胶质细胞的突起在3天内变为GFAP阳性。许多星形胶质细胞似乎来源于放射状胶质细胞。观察到大量类似于所谓“中间胶质细胞”的暗胶质细胞。发现这些是星形胶质细胞，其外观可能反映了对外植诱导损伤的反应。
