Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Apr 27;10(2):e0204721. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02047-21. Epub 2022 Mar 14.
The food we eat not only nourishes our bodies but also provides nutrients to the bacteria living in our guts. Gut bacterial communities are known to be affected by many factors, including diet and bowel cleansing, but the impacts of vegetarian and omnivore diets on fecal bacterial composition are still uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial compositions of fecal samples from vegetarians and omnivores 5 to 7 days after bowel cleansing, and we correlated specific dietary constituents with the relative abundances of specialized fecal bacteria. A total of 46 participants (23 vegetarians and 23 omnivores) were recruited. All participants underwent standard bowel cleansing before colonoscopy screening. Fecal samples were collected from each participant 5 to 7 days after bowel cleansing, and the fecal microbiota compositions were analyzed with next-generation sequencing. Sixteen participants also provided an image-based dietary record for nutritional assessment. No major differences between dietary groups were observed in terms of fecal bacterial richness, alpha diversity, or beta diversity. A minority of potential pathobionts tended to be elevated in omnivores compared to vegetarians, whereas potential probiotic species tended to be higher in the vegetarians. Detailed dietary assessments further revealed that the plant- and animal-derived proteins may oppositely modulate the relative abundances of pathobionts Bilophila and Lachnoclostridium. However, these results were not statistically significant after multiple-comparison correction. These results suggest that specialized probiotic and pathobiont microbiota constituents are sensitive to the plant- or animal-derived dietary components ingested by vegetarians and omnivores after bowel cleansing. Dietary pattern and food choice are associated with expansion of gut pathobionts and risk for metabolic and colonic disease. However, the effects of dietary interventions on intestinal microbiota remain unclear. After bowel cleansing, potential pathobionts and probiotic bacteria were increased in omnivores and vegetarians, respectively. The pathobionts Bilophila and Lachnoclostridium were oppositely modulated by dietary animal and plant protein. From a clinical perspective, fecal pathobionts that may indicate risk for metabolic and colonic disease can potentially be modulated with dietary interventions.
我们所吃的食物不仅滋养身体，还为肠道内的细菌提供营养。众所周知，肠道细菌群落受多种因素影响，包括饮食和肠道清洁，但素食和杂食饮食对粪便细菌组成的影响仍不确定。在这项研究中，我们分析了肠道清洁后 5-7 天素食者和杂食者粪便样本中的细菌组成，并将特定饮食成分与专门的粪便细菌相对丰度相关联。共招募了 46 名参与者（23 名素食者和 23 名杂食者）。所有参与者在结肠镜筛查前均进行标准肠道清洁。肠道清洁后 5-7 天从每位参与者收集粪便样本，并通过下一代测序分析粪便微生物群落组成。16 名参与者还提供了基于图像的饮食记录进行营养评估。在粪便细菌丰富度、α多样性或β多样性方面，饮食组之间没有观察到主要差异。与素食者相比，杂食者中少数潜在的条件致病菌趋于升高，而潜在的益生菌物种在素食者中趋于升高。详细的饮食评估进一步表明，植物和动物来源的蛋白质可能相反地调节条件致病菌拟杆菌属和lachnoclostridium 的相对丰度。然而，在进行多次比较校正后，这些结果没有统计学意义。这些结果表明，经过肠道清洁后，素食者和杂食者摄入的植物源性或动物源性饮食成分会对专门的益生菌和条件致病菌微生物组成产生影响。饮食模式和食物选择与肠道条件致病菌的扩张和代谢及结肠疾病的风险有关。然而，饮食干预对肠道微生物群的影响尚不清楚。肠道清洁后，杂食者和素食者的潜在条件致病菌和益生菌分别增加。饮食中的动物和植物蛋白对条件致病菌拟杆菌属和lachnoclostridium 有相反的调节作用。从临床角度来看，粪便条件致病菌可能预示着代谢和结肠疾病的风险，可以通过饮食干预来调节。
