Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Int J Epidemiol. 2022 Aug 10;51(4):1219-1229. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyac040.
Only few epidemiological studies have investigated whether chronic exposure to air pollution from different sources have different impacts on risk of diabetes. We aimed to investigate associations between air pollution from traffic versus non-traffic sources and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Danish population.
We estimated long-term exposure to traffic and non-traffic contributions of particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µg (PM2.5), elemental carbon (EC), ultrafine particles (UFP) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for all persons living in Denmark for the period 2005-17. In total, 2.6 million persons aged >35 years were included, of whom 148 020 developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up. We applied Cox proportional hazards models for analyses, using 5-year time-weighted running means of air pollution and adjustment for individual- and area-level demographic and socioeconomic covariates.
We found that 5-year exposure to all particle measures (PM2.5, UFP and EC) and NO2 were associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk. We observed that for UFP, EC and potentially PM2.5, the pollution originating from traffic was associated with higher risks than the non-traffic contributions, whereas for NO2 similar hazard ratios (HR) were observed. For example, in two-source models, hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile change in traffic UFP, EC and PM2.5 were 1.025, 1.045 and 1.036, respectively, whereas for non-traffic UFP, EC and PM2.5, the HRs were 1.013, 1.018 and 1.001, respectively.
Our finding of stronger associations with particulate matter from traffic compared with non-traffic sources implies that prevention strategies should focus on limiting traffic-related particulate matter air pollution.
仅有少数流行病学研究调查了来自不同来源的慢性空气污染暴露是否对糖尿病风险有不同影响。我们旨在研究交通源与非交通源空气污染与丹麦人群 2 型糖尿病风险之间的关联。
我们估计了所有生活在丹麦的人群在 2005-17 年期间的交通和非交通来源的细颗粒物（PM2.5）、元素碳（EC）、超细颗粒（UFP）和二氧化氮（NO2）的长期暴露情况。共有 260 万名年龄>35 岁的人群被纳入研究，其中有 148020 人在随访期间患上了 2 型糖尿病。我们应用 Cox 比例风险模型进行分析，使用空气污染的 5 年时间加权移动平均值，并调整个体和地区水平的人口统计学和社会经济协变量。
我们发现，5 年暴露于所有颗粒测量值（PM2.5、UFP 和 EC）和 NO2 与 2 型糖尿病风险增加相关。我们观察到，对于 UFP、EC 和可能的 PM2.5，来自交通的污染与更高的风险相关，而非交通贡献则没有这种关联，而对于 NO2，则观察到相似的危险比（HR）。例如，在双源模型中，交通 UFP、EC 和 PM2.5 的每四分位距变化的 HR 分别为 1.025、1.045 和 1.036，而非交通 UFP、EC 和 PM2.5 的 HR 分别为 1.013、1.018 和 1.001。
我们发现与交通源相比，与非交通源的颗粒物质的关联更强，这表明预防策略应重点限制与交通相关的颗粒物质空气污染。
