Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Environ Health Perspect. 2023 Feb;131(2):27008. doi: 10.1289/EHP11347. Epub 2023 Feb 21.
Exposure to air pollution has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but studies investigating whether deprived groups are more susceptible to the harmful effects of air pollution are inconsistent.
We aimed to investigate whether the association between air pollution and T2D differed according to sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity, and coexposures.
We estimated residential exposure to , ultrafine particles (UFP), elemental carbon, and for all persons living in Denmark in the period 2005-2017. In total, persons 50-80 y of age were included for main analyses of whom 113,985 developed T2D during follow-up. We conducted additional analyses on persons age 35-50 y. Using Cox proportional hazards model (relative risk) and Aalens additive hazard model (absolute risk), we calculated associations between 5-y time-weighted running means of air pollution and T2D in strata of sociodemographic variables, comorbidity, population density, road traffic noise, and green space proximity.
Air pollution was associated with T2D, especially among people age 50-80 y, with hazard ratios of 1.17 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 1.21] per and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.19) per . In the age 50-80 y population, we found higher associations between air pollution and T2D among men in comparison with women, people with lower education vs. individuals with high education, people with medium income vs. those with low or high income, people cohabiting vs. those living alone, and people with comorbidities vs. those without comorbidities. We observed no marked changes according to occupation, population density, road noise, or surrounding greenness. In the age 35-50 y population, similar tendencies were observed, except in relation to sex and occupation, where we observed associations with air pollution only among women and blue-collar workers.
We found stronger associations between air pollution and T2D among people with existing comorbidities and weaker associations among people with high socioeconomic status in comparison with those with lower socioeconomic status. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11347.
暴露于空气污染与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）风险增加有关，但研究表明，贫困人群是否更容易受到空气污染的有害影响并不一致。
本研究旨在调查空气污染与 T2D 之间的关联是否因社会人口特征、合并症和共同暴露而异。
我们估计了 2005-2017 年期间居住在丹麦的所有人的 、超细颗粒（UFP）、元素碳和 暴露水平。共纳入了 50-80 岁的 人进行主要分析，其中 113985 人在随访期间发生了 T2D。我们还对 35-50 岁的 人进行了额外分析。使用 Cox 比例风险模型（相对风险）和 Aalen 加法风险模型（绝对风险），我们在社会人口变量、合并症、人口密度、道路交通噪声和绿地接近度的分层中计算了 5 年时间加权移动平均值的空气污染与 T2D 之间的关联。
空气污染与 T2D 有关，尤其是在 50-80 岁的人群中，每增加 1 和 ，风险比分别为 1.17（95%置信区间：1.13，1.21）和 1.16（95%置信区间：1.13，1.19）。在 50-80 岁的人群中，我们发现与空气污染和 T2D 之间的关联在男性中高于女性，在受教育程度较低的人群中高于受教育程度较高的人群，在中等收入人群中高于低收入或高收入人群，在与他人同住的人群中高于独居的人群，在有合并症的人群中高于无合并症的人群。我们没有观察到根据职业、人口密度、道路交通噪声或周围绿化程度的明显变化。在 35-50 岁的人群中，观察到了类似的趋势，但在性别和职业方面，我们仅在女性和蓝领工人中观察到与空气污染的关联。
与社会经济地位较低的人群相比，我们发现存在合并症的人群与空气污染之间的关联更强，而社会经济地位较高的人群与空气污染之间的关联较弱。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11347.
