Gund Institute for Environment, Larner College of Medicine, and Rubenstein School of Environment & Natural Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America.
Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, The Translational Global Infectious Diseases Research Center, Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 14;17(3):e0265014. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265014. eCollection 2022.
The objective of this research was to examine residents' awareness, attitudes, and compliance with COVID-19 public health guidelines in Vermont, which emerged as an early leader in national pandemic response. Our methods included conducting an online survey of adult Vermont residents between January and April 2021. We analyzed demographics associated with awareness and compliance, and identified features associated with non-compliance. Our results show that of the 2,208 adult Vermont residents who completed the survey, 90% were extremely aware of the state's COVID-19 guidelines, and 95% reported knowing exactly what to do to follow recommended actions. Political affiliation emerged as a primary factor related to attitudes and compliance. Self-identified Republicans were less likely to agree that public health measures keep people safe or help businesses stay open, and were less likely to follow masking, quarantine, social distancing, and vaccine guidance than Independents, Progressives, and Democrats. The large differences in COVID-19 infection and death rates across the country, and recent shift toward a "pandemic of the unvaccinated," underscore the need for identifying public health strategies that work in some areas in order to adapt and apply them to areas that have struggled with controlling the virus. Consistent with national surveys, our results show that resistance to public health guidance is a partisan challenge even in states with high compliance. Identifying populations that are less supportive or hesitant to follow guidelines while understanding factors that motivate compliance can help inform strategies for developing targeted programs to encourage collective action on pandemic response. Developing communication strategies that reach people who do not believe COVID-19 guidelines keep them safe is necessary to reach universal compliance.
这项研究的目的是调查佛蒙特州居民对 COVID-19 公共卫生指南的认知、态度和遵守情况，佛蒙特州是国家大流行应对措施的早期领导者。我们的方法包括在 2021 年 1 月至 4 月期间对成年佛蒙特州居民进行在线调查。我们分析了与认知和遵守相关的人口统计学特征，并确定了与不遵守相关的特征。我们的研究结果表明，在完成调查的 2208 名成年佛蒙特州居民中，90%的人对该州的 COVID-19 指南非常了解，95%的人表示确切知道如何遵循建议的措施。政治派别是与态度和遵守相关的主要因素之一。自认为是共和党的人不太可能认为公共卫生措施能保证人们的安全或有助于企业保持营业，而且不太可能遵守戴口罩、隔离、保持社交距离和接种疫苗的指导，而独立人士、进步人士和民主党人则更有可能遵守。美国各地 COVID-19 感染和死亡率的巨大差异，以及最近向“未接种疫苗的大流行”转变，突显了需要确定在某些地区有效的公共卫生策略，以便将其适应和应用于那些在控制病毒方面遇到困难的地区。与全国性调查一致，我们的研究结果表明，即使在遵守率较高的州，对公共卫生指导的抵制也是党派挑战。确定不太支持或犹豫不决遵守指南的人群，同时了解促使遵守的因素，可以帮助制定有针对性的方案，以鼓励在大流行应对方面采取集体行动。制定能够接触到不相信 COVID-19 指南能保护他们安全的人群的沟通策略是达到普遍遵守的必要条件。
