Department of Midwifery and Reproductive health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Mar 14;22(1):205. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04551-z.
Adolescent pregnancy is an important public health problem and a socio-economic challenge in diverse societies. As a tremendously important problem, this issue has caused major concerns, as it exposes adolescent girls to social isolation and physical and psychological harm. So, this study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls and their mothers about early pregnancy, its causes, consequences, and predictors in Tabriz-Iran in 2020-21.
This cross-sectional study was done with 540 people (270 adolescent girls and 270 mothers) in the health centers of Tabriz. Data were collected using the questionnaires of sociodemographic information, knowledge, and adolescent girls' attitudes and their mothers about early pregnancy, its causes, and consequences. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of adolescent girls and their mothers' attitudes toward early pregnancy.
The mean (SD: Standard Deviation) of knowledge of adolescent girls and their mothers about early pregnancy was 5.17 (3.11) and 5.57 (3.01), respectively (score range: 0 to 9). Most girls (94.1%) and mothers (87.1%) opposed pregnancy before 18. There was a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of girls (p < 0.001) and mothers (p < 0.001) about pregnancy at a young age. Adolescent girls and their mothers mentioned the lack of sufficient knowledge about sexual relations (57.4% of girls and 66.3% mothers agree) and the lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods (51.9% girl and 59.2% mother agree) important reasons for early pregnancy. Based on the multivariate logistic regression model and controlling for potentially confounding variables, girls whose parents were married under the age of 18 were about three times more likely to agree to early pregnancy than girls whose parents married over the age of 18 (OR = 3.10; 95% Cl: 0.90 to 10.69; p = 0.037). Also, mothers whose other children were married before 18 were almost five times more likely to agree to early pregnancy than women whose other children were not married before 18 (OR = 4.91; 95% Cl: 1.60 to 15.10; p = 0.045).
The current study results indicate that despite the negative attitude of adolescent girls and their mothers towards early pregnancy, they had a low level of knowledge about early pregnancy. Consequently, increasing the level of knowledge of girls and their families about the consequences of marriage and pregnancy at an early age and creating a culture to correct cultural and social misconceptions to prevent marriage and pregnancy of children can reduce the severity of this damage.
青少年怀孕是一个重要的公共卫生问题，也是不同社会的一个社会经济挑战。作为一个极其重要的问题，这个问题引起了人们的极大关注，因为它使少女面临社会孤立和身心伤害。因此，本研究旨在确定 2020-2021 年伊朗大不里士青少年女孩及其母亲对早孕及其原因、后果和预测因素的知识和态度。
本横断面研究在大不里士的卫生中心对 540 人（270 名青少年女孩和 270 名母亲）进行了研究。使用关于社会人口信息、知识以及青少年女孩及其母亲对早孕、其原因和后果的态度的问卷收集数据。使用多元逻辑回归确定青少年女孩及其母亲对早孕态度的预测因素。
青少年女孩及其母亲对早孕的知识平均（标准差：标准偏差）分别为 5.17（3.11）和 5.57（3.01）（得分范围：0 至 9）。大多数女孩（94.1%）和母亲（87.1%）反对 18 岁前怀孕。女孩（p<0.001）和母亲（p<0.001）对早孕的知识与态度之间存在统计学显著关系。青少年女孩及其母亲提到缺乏有关性关系的足够知识（57.4%的女孩和 66.3%的母亲同意）和缺乏有关避孕方法的知识（51.9%的女孩和 59.2%的母亲同意）是早孕的重要原因。根据多元逻辑回归模型并控制潜在的混杂变量，与父母在 18 岁以上结婚的女孩相比，父母在 18 岁以下结婚的女孩更有可能同意早孕（OR=3.10；95%CI：0.90 至 10.69；p=0.037）。此外，其他孩子在 18 岁之前结婚的母亲几乎有五倍的可能性同意早孕，而其他孩子在 18 岁之前没有结婚的母亲（OR=4.91；95%CI：1.60 至 15.10；p=0.045）。
本研究结果表明，尽管青少年女孩及其母亲对早孕持消极态度，但她们对早孕的知识水平较低。因此，提高女孩及其家庭对早孕和早婚后果的知识水平，并营造一种文化来纠正文化和社会误解，以防止儿童早婚和怀孕，可以减轻这种伤害的严重程度。
