Chronic headaches in adolescents: treatment in a school setting with relaxation training as compared with information-contact and self-registration.

An experimental study was conducted on 33 adolescent students with various types of chronic headaches (tension and combined tension and migraine headaches), all treated in a school setting. After a 4-week baseline period during which the subjects rated their headache activity, they were randomly assigned to a 9-session relaxation training programme or to an information-contact condition, both contrasted with an untreated self-registration group. Relaxation therapy alone led to significant improvement in headache activity, particularly in reduction of the frequency of complaints which still was significantly reduced at a 6-month follow-up evaluation. The effects obtained in the information-contact condition were comparable to those in the self-registration group, both achieving only minor improvements after treatment or at the follow-up assessment. The majority of students in the relaxation treatment, however, was much improved, attaining more than 50% reduction in headache activity. The findings in the present study are consistent with results from similar treatment outcome studies, reported on adult populations with chronic headaches, and demonstrate that relaxation training programmes can be of substantial help in a school setting.