State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
Mol Genet Genomics. 2022 May;297(3):621-633. doi: 10.1007/s00438-022-01878-2. Epub 2022 Mar 15.
The discovery and interpretation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) protein in mitochondrial biogenesis, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development has broad research prospects, so it is important to review the related studies of PGC-1α in detail and comprehensively. PGC-1α is a protein composed of 798 amino acids (aa) with a molecular weight of about 91 kDa. PGC-1α is involved in the operation of the respiratory chain by combining with deacetylase and phosphorylase to bind some nuclear receptors. In addition, PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose metabolism by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, new data suggest that regulating mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue may be an effective adjunct to the treatment of obesity. In addition, dietary resveratrol, which has an effective anti-obesity effect, has been shown to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis by activating AMPK/PGC-1α axis, as well as to regenerate muscle damaged by obesity. In this review, we combined previous studies to explore the latest studies, showing that PGC-1α can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and is regulated by AMPK and SIRT1. Furthermore, PGC-1α is a favored protein, which not only regulates muscle fiber type, inhibits muscle atrophy, but also participates in browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and regulates body heat production. So, we concluded that PGC-1α is a key gene in mitochondrial biogenesis and plays an important role in the regulation and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis along with other genes involved in the process. Meanwhile, PGC-1α acts as a core metabolic regulator in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This review comprehensively summarizes a large number of research findings. First, the role of PGC-1α in mitochondrial biogenesis was clarified, and then the key role of PGC-1α in the development of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was reevaluated. Furthermore, the role of PGC-1α in some human diseases was discussed. Finally, the role of PGC-1α as a major gene in poultry was pointed out, and the future research direction was proposed.
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 共激活因子 1α（PGC-1α）在线粒体生物发生、骨骼肌和脂肪组织发育中的发现和解释具有广阔的研究前景，因此详细全面地回顾相关研究非常重要。PGC-1α 是一种由 798 个氨基酸（aa）组成的蛋白质，分子量约为 91 kDa。PGC-1α 通过与去乙酰化酶和磷酸化酶结合，结合一些核受体，参与呼吸链的运作。此外，PGC-1α 通过调节线粒体氧化磷酸化来影响骨骼肌和脂肪代谢。最近的新数据表明，调节脂肪组织中的线粒体代谢可能是肥胖治疗的有效辅助手段。此外，具有有效抗肥胖作用的膳食白藜芦醇已被证明通过激活 AMPK/PGC-1α 轴促进线粒体生物合成，以及再生肥胖引起的肌肉损伤。在这篇综述中，我们结合以前的研究来探讨最新的研究，表明 PGC-1α 可以调节线粒体生物发生，并且受到 AMPK 和 SIRT1 的调节。此外，PGC-1α 是一种受青睐的蛋白质，不仅调节肌肉纤维类型，抑制肌肉萎缩，还参与白色脂肪组织（WAT）的褐色化，并调节身体产热。因此，我们得出结论，PGC-1α 是线粒体生物发生的关键基因，与参与该过程的其他基因一起，在调节和调节线粒体生物发生中起着重要作用。同时，PGC-1α 作为脂肪组织和骨骼肌中的核心代谢调节因子发挥作用。本综述全面总结了大量的研究发现。首先，阐明了 PGC-1α 在线粒体生物发生中的作用，然后重新评估了 PGC-1α 在骨骼肌和脂肪组织发育中的关键作用。此外，还讨论了 PGC-1α 在一些人类疾病中的作用。最后，指出了 PGC-1α 作为禽类主要基因的作用，并提出了未来的研究方向。
