Chen Chien-Fei, Liu Yuanyang, Greig Jamie Alexander, Shen Zhenglai, Shi Yunye
Center for Ultra-wide-area Resilient Electrical Energy Transmission Networks (CURENT), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, USA.
Department of Business Analytics and Statistics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
Energy Policy. 2022 May;164:112880. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112880. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
COVID-19 pandemic has affected clean energy labor market. Using real-time job vacancy data, this study analyzes the impacts of the pandemic on the U.S. clean energy labor market in 2020, including biomass, energy efficiency (EE), electric vehicle (EV), power/microgrid, solar, and wind industries. This study identifies how COVID-health factors and public health interventions influence clean energy job availability during the early COVID pandemic. Overall, California had the most energy jobs and experienced a significant decrease in April 2020. EV and solar had the highest percentages of job vacancies during the pandemic in general. Still, lockdowns had the most severe influence on EE and wind jobs. Stay-at-home orders negatively affected clean energy job vacancies in biomass, EV, power/microgrid, and wind. Social-gathering restrictions, however, did not have much influence. Increased COVID tests at the state level had the strongest and most positive influence on clean energy job postings, indicating the importance of a state's ability to manage public health infrastructure or crisis issues. COVID hospitalizations negatively influenced the job vacancies in biomass and wind but did not affect the other four sectors; conversely, as COVID death numbers increased, the number of jobs in biomass, EV, power grid, solar, and wind decreased, but not in EE jobs.
新冠疫情影响了清洁能源劳动力市场。本研究利用实时职位空缺数据，分析了疫情在2020年对美国清洁能源劳动力市场的影响，包括生物质能、能源效率（EE）、电动汽车（EV）、电力/微电网、太阳能和风能行业。本研究确定了在新冠疫情初期，新冠健康因素和公共卫生干预措施如何影响清洁能源工作岗位的可获得性。总体而言，加利福尼亚州的能源工作岗位最多，且在2020年4月经历了显著下降。一般来说，电动汽车和太阳能在疫情期间的职位空缺率最高。不过，封锁措施对能源效率和风力工作岗位的影响最为严重。居家令对生物质能、电动汽车、电力/微电网和风力方面的清洁能源职位空缺产生了负面影响。然而，社交聚会限制并没有太大影响。州一级新冠检测数量的增加对清洁能源职位发布产生了最强烈且最积极的影响，表明一个州管理公共卫生基础设施或应对危机问题的能力很重要。新冠住院人数对生物质能和风力方面的职位空缺产生了负面影响，但未影响其他四个行业；相反，随着新冠死亡人数的增加，生物质能、电动汽车、电网、太阳能和风能行业的工作岗位数量减少，但能源效率行业的工作岗位数量未减少。
