探讨 COVID-19 的感知风险及其在保护行为和 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫中的作用：第一波疫情后的定性研究。
Exploring perceived risk for COVID-19 and its role in protective behavior and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a qualitative study after the first wave.
机构信息
Social, Behavior and Population Sciences Department, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Tropical Medicine Department, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2022 Mar 15;22(1):503. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12900-y.
BACKGROUND
The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has had severe impacts on morbidity and mortality globally.
METHODS
This study was set in rural central Kentucky and included participants recruited from public spaces. Fifteen qualitative interviews about personal experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic were conducted by phone from July 3 to July 24, 2020. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using a grounded theory approach.
RESULTS
Participants who perceived COVID-19 to be a severe risk tended to have personal health concerns and therefore reported taking protective measures for themselves. A slightly smaller proportion of participants reported taking measures to protect others (particularly family). A minority of participants had an ambivalent attitude towards the risk and only took measures if required. COVID-19 vaccine acceptability was low with most participants expressing concerns regarding their need for a vaccine, safety of this vaccine, the value of personal rights, or future vaccine supply.
CONCLUSIONS
Most participants perceived some risk of COVID-19 and took steps to prevent infections in themselves and others. Mandates for mask use in certain locations were additionally useful for those who had an ambivalent attitude towards the risk of illness. There was surprisingly little connection between perceiving COVID-19 risk and a desire for the COVID-19 vaccine. In this setting, vaccine acceptability was low, with vaccine concerns outweighing perceived potential benefits. In conclusion, because the risk was often constructed in terms of worries for themselves and others, the framing of health education materials for protective behaviors in these terms may be effective. Furthermore, future COVID-19 vaccine education should address vaccine knowledge and concerns, such as the need for a vaccine and its safety, and emphasize how a vaccination would reduce their chances of severe disease if they were to get sick.
背景
新型冠状病毒大流行（COVID-19）对全球的发病率和死亡率造成了严重影响。
方法
本研究在肯塔基州中部农村进行，参与者是从公共场所招募的。2020 年 7 月 3 日至 7 月 24 日通过电话进行了 15 次关于 COVID-19 大流行期间个人经历的定性访谈。使用扎根理论方法对访谈进行录音、转录和编码。
结果
那些认为 COVID-19 风险严重的参与者往往对自身健康存在担忧，因此报告采取了保护自己的措施。比例略小的参与者报告采取措施保护他人（尤其是家人）。少数参与者对风险持矛盾态度，只有在需要时才采取措施。COVID-19 疫苗的可接受性较低，大多数参与者表示对疫苗的需求、疫苗的安全性、个人权利的价值或未来疫苗供应表示担忧。
结论
大多数参与者认为 COVID-19 存在一定风险，并采取措施预防自己和他人感染。在那些对患病风险持矛盾态度的人所在的某些地点，佩戴口罩的规定也对他们有所帮助。人们对 COVID-19 风险的感知与对 COVID-19 疫苗的需求之间几乎没有联系。在这种情况下，疫苗的可接受性较低，对疫苗的担忧超过了对潜在益处的感知。总之，由于风险通常是基于对自己和他人的担忧构建的，因此以这些术语为框架的预防行为健康教育材料可能会有效。此外，未来的 COVID-19 疫苗教育应解决疫苗知识和关注点，如对疫苗的需求及其安全性，并强调接种疫苗如何降低他们患病时患重病的几率。
Zotero 插件