State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P R China.
Shanghai Youlin Zhuyuan Sewage Investment and Development Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200125, China.
Water Res. 2022 May 15;215:118261. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118261. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
Anammox-based process provides an alternative for the sustainable treatment of incineration leachate that has high-load ammonium and high residual heat, but the high concentrations of organics in such leachates brought challenges for the process control. For the first time, a two-stage partial nitrification (PN)-anammox process coupled with a pre-enhanced anaerobic digestion (AD) was established to achieve efficient nitrogen removal from incineration leachate. Satisfactory nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were achieved-with the average values of 90% and 78%, respectively-despite fluctuating influent properties [1100-2000 mg-total nitrogen (TN)/L and 3800-15800 mg-COD/L]. A versatile control strategy was developed to create an optimum autotrophic environment for nitrifier and anammox bacteria: i) enhanced AD set before the PN-anammox process captured nearly 50% of the influent COD; ii) in the PN unit, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were well adapted to COD concentrations of 1420-2400 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen (0.2-0.4 mg/L) controlling combined with a high free nitrous acid concentration (>0.08 mg/L) ensured a nitrite accumulation rate of >95%; and iii) in the anammox unit, a suitable influent NO-N/NH-N ratio (the average value of 1.27) was achieved by mixing AD effluent with PN effluent (1:1.78, v/v), contributing to a high TN removal of 78 ± 2.4%. Nevertheless, 980-1560 mg/L of COD remained in the influent of the anammox unit; biorefractory humic acids in this (245.6 ± 3 mg/L) might be the main component that caused the observed 66 ± 2% decrease in anammox activity. The proliferation of denitrifying bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria induced by the organic compounds may have led to the observed decline in the abundance of the anammox bacterium Candidatus Kuenenia. The proposed strategy guaranteed the robust operation of the PN-anammox process and provides a promising approach for the sustainable treatment of incineration leachate.
基于厌氧氨氧化的工艺为处理具有高负荷氨氮和高剩余热量的焚烧渗滤液提供了一种替代方法，但这种渗滤液中高浓度的有机物给工艺控制带来了挑战。首次建立了两段部分硝化（PN）-厌氧氨氧化工艺与预强化厌氧消化（AD）相结合的工艺，从焚烧渗滤液中实现高效脱氮。尽管进水性质波动较大（1100-2000mg 总氮（TN）/L 和 3800-15800mg-COD/L），但仍取得了令人满意的氮和化学需氧量（COD）去除效率，平均值分别为 90%和 78%。开发了一种通用的控制策略，为硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌创造最佳的自养环境：i）PN-厌氧氨氧化工艺之前的强化 AD 过程捕获了近 50%的进水 COD；ii）在 PN 单元中，氨氧化菌很好地适应了 1420-2400mg/L 的 COD 浓度，通过控制溶解氧（0.2-0.4mg/L）和保持较高的游离亚硝态氮浓度（>0.08mg/L），确保亚硝态氮积累率>95%；iii）在厌氧氨氧化单元中，通过混合 AD 出水和 PN 出水（1:1.78，v/v）实现了适宜的进水 NO-N/NH-N 比（平均值为 1.27），从而实现了 78±2.4%的高 TN 去除率。尽管如此，厌氧氨氧化单元进水仍含有 980-1560mg/L 的 COD；该（245.6±3mg/L）生物难降解腐殖酸可能是导致观察到的 66±2%厌氧氨氧化活性下降的主要原因。有机化合物诱导的反硝化细菌和硫酸盐还原菌的增殖可能导致观察到的厌氧氨氧化菌 Can didatus Kuenenia 丰度下降。所提出的策略保证了 PN-厌氧氨氧化工艺的稳定运行，为焚烧渗滤液的可持续处理提供了一种有前景的方法。
