Auguste Manon, Melillo Daniela, Corteggio Annunziata, Marino Rita, Canesi Laura, Pinsino Annalisa, Italiani Paola, Boraschi Diana
Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy.
Front Toxicol. 2022 Feb 18;4:842469. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2022.842469. eCollection 2022.
Assessing the impact of drugs and contaminants on immune responses requires methodological approaches able to represent real-life conditions and predict long-term effects. Innate immunity/inflammation is the evolutionarily most widespread and conserved defensive mechanism in living organisms, and therefore we will focus here on immunotoxicological methods that specifically target such processes. By exploiting the conserved mechanisms of innate immunity, we have examined the most representative immunotoxicity methodological approaches across living species, to identify common features and human proxy models/assays. Three marine invertebrate organisms are examined in comparison with humans, , bivalve molluscs, tunicates and sea urchins. and approaches are compared, highlighting common mechanisms and species-specific endpoints, to be applied in predictive human and environmental immunotoxicity assessment. Emphasis is given to the 3R principle of Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research and to the application of the ARRIVE guidelines on reporting animal research, in order to strengthen the quality and usability of immunotoxicology research data.
评估药物和污染物对免疫反应的影响需要能够代表现实生活状况并预测长期影响的方法学途径。固有免疫/炎症是生物体中进化上最广泛且保守的防御机制，因此我们将在此重点关注专门针对此类过程的免疫毒理学方法。通过利用固有免疫的保守机制，我们研究了跨生物物种最具代表性的免疫毒性方法学途径，以识别共同特征和人类替代模型/检测方法。与人类相比，研究了三种海洋无脊椎动物，双壳贝类、被囊动物和海胆。比较了[具体方法1]和[具体方法2]方法，突出了共同机制和物种特异性终点，以应用于预测性人类和环境免疫毒性评估。强调研究中动物替代、优化和减少的3R原则以及应用动物研究报告的ARRIVE指南，以提高免疫毒理学研究数据的质量和可用性。
