Qian Yingying, Zhao Guoqiang, Zhou Jing, Zhao Huazhu, Mutter Thamer Y, Huang Xing
Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Feb 28;13:843525. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.843525. eCollection 2022.
Over the past decades, because of large-scale bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) application, environmental residues of BSM have massively increased, causing severe toxicity in rotation-sensitive crops. The removal of BSM from the environment has become essential. In this study, the combined bioremediation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and BSM-degrading strain S113 of BSM-polluted soil was investigated. BSM degradation by S113 in the maize rhizosphere could better promote AMF infection in the roots of maize, achieving an infection rate of 86.70% on the 36th day in the AMF + S113 + BSM group. Similarly, AMF enhanced the colonization and survival of S113 in maize rhizosphere, contributing 4.65 × 10 cells/g soil on the 15th day and 3.78 × 10 cells/g soil on the 20th day to a population of colonized-S113 (based possibly on the strong root system established by promoting plant-growth AMF). Both S113 and AMF coexisted in rhizosphere soil. The BSM-degrading strain S113 could completely remove BSM at 3 mg/kg from the maize rhizosphere soil within 12 days. AMF also promoted the growth of maize seedlings. When planted in BSM-contaminated soil, maize roots had a fresh weight of 2.59 ± 0.26 g in group S113 + AMF, 2.54 ± 0.20 g in group S113 + AMF + BSM, 2.02 ± 0.16 g in group S113 + BSM, and 2.61 ± 0.25 g in the AMF group, all of which exceeded weights of the control group on the 36th day except for the S113 + BSM group. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing results indicated that simultaneous inoculation with AMF and strain S113 of BSM-polluted maize root-soil almost left the indigenous bacterial community diversity and richness in maize rhizosphere soil unaltered. This represents a major advantage of bioremediation approaches resulting from the existing vital interactions among local microorganisms and plants in the soil. These findings may provide theoretical guidance for utilizing novel joint-bioremediation technologies, and constitute an important contribution to environmental pollution bioremediation while simultaneously ensuring crop safety and yield.
在过去几十年中，由于大规模施用苄嘧磺隆（BSM），其在环境中的残留量大幅增加，对轮作敏感作物造成严重毒性。从环境中去除BSM已变得至关重要。在本研究中，对丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）和降解BSM的菌株S113联合修复BSM污染土壤进行了研究。S113在玉米根际对BSM的降解能更好地促进AMF在玉米根系中的侵染，在AMF+S113+BSM组中，第36天的侵染率达到86.70%。同样，AMF增强了S113在玉米根际的定殖和存活，在第15天为定殖的S113群体贡献了4.65×10个细胞/克土壤，在第20天贡献了3.78×10个细胞/克土壤（这可能基于AMF促进植物生长而建立的强大根系）。S113和AMF在根际土壤中共存。降解BSM的菌株S113能在12天内将玉米根际土壤中3毫克/千克的BSM完全去除。AMF也促进了玉米幼苗的生长。种植在受BSM污染土壤中的玉米，在S113+AMF组中根系鲜重为2.59±0.26克，在S113+AMF+BSM组中为2.54±0.20克，在S113+BSM组中为2.02±0.16克，在AMF组中为2.61±0.25克，除S113+BSM组外，所有组在第36天的重量均超过对照组。此外，高通量测序结果表明，对受BSM污染的玉米根际土壤同时接种AMF和菌株S113，几乎未改变玉米根际土壤中土著细菌群落的多样性和丰富度。这代表了生物修复方法的一个主要优势，源于土壤中当地微生物和植物之间现有的重要相互作用。这些发现可能为利用新型联合生物修复技术提供理论指导，并在确保作物安全和产量的同时，对环境污染生物修复做出重要贡献。
