Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Qual Life Res. 2022 Sep;31(9):2705-2716. doi: 10.1007/s11136-022-03121-2. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
The relation between diet and maternal mental health during pregnancy might be relevant to prevent adverse materno-foetal outcomes. This study examined the association of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and MD components with mental health during pregnancy.
This secondary analysis of the GESTAFIT trial included longitudinal data from 152 pregnant women. Dietary habits were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, and MD adherence was derived from it using the Mediterranean Food pattern. Psychological ill-being (i.e., negative affect, anxiety, and depression) and well-being (i.e., emotional intelligence, resilience, positive affect) were assessed with the Spanish version of well-established self-reported questionnaires. Cross-sectional (16th gestational week [g.w.]) and longitudinal associations (34th g.w.) between MD and mental health were studied using linear regression models.
A greater MD adherence was inversely associated with negative affect and anxiety; and positively associated with emotional regulation, resilience and positive affect at the 16th and 34th g.w. (|β| ranging from 0.179 to 0.325, all p < 0.05). Additionally, a higher intake of whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables, fish, olive oil and nuts, and a lower intake of red meat and subproducts and sweets were associated with lower negative affect, anxiety, depression and higher emotional regulation, resilience and positive affect throughout gestation (|β| ranging from 0.168 to 0.415, all p < 0.05).
A higher intake of whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables, fish, olive oil and nuts, together with a lower intake of red meat and sweets, resulted in a higher MD adherence, which was associated with a better mental health during pregnancy.
饮食与孕妇心理健康之间的关系可能与预防母婴不良结局有关。本研究探讨了地中海饮食（MD）的依从性及其成分与孕期心理健康之间的关系。
这项对 GESTAFIT 试验的二次分析纳入了 152 名孕妇的纵向数据。通过食物频率问卷评估饮食习惯，并用地中海饮食模式对其进行 MD 依从性评估。使用经过充分验证的西班牙语自我报告问卷评估心理不适（即负性情绪、焦虑和抑郁）和幸福感（即情绪智力、韧性和正性情绪）。使用线性回归模型研究 MD 与心理健康之间的横断面（16 孕周）和纵向关联（34 孕周）。
较高的 MD 依从性与负性情绪和焦虑呈负相关；与情绪调节、韧性和正性情绪在 16 孕周和 34 孕周呈正相关（|β|范围为 0.179 至 0.325，均 P<0.05）。此外，全谷物、水果、蔬菜、鱼、橄榄油和坚果的摄入量较高，而红肉和副产物以及甜食的摄入量较低，与整个孕期的负性情绪、焦虑、抑郁较低以及情绪调节、韧性和正性情绪较高相关（|β|范围为 0.168 至 0.415，均 P<0.05）。
全谷物、水果、蔬菜、鱼、橄榄油和坚果的摄入量较高，红肉和甜食的摄入量较低，导致 MD 依从性较高，与孕期心理健康状况较好有关。
