Blohm L, De Sousa J L, Roschman-González A, Ferrer E, Morocoima A, Herrera L
Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, Estado Anzoátegui Venezuela.
Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
J Parasit Dis. 2022 Mar;46(1):37-46. doi: 10.1007/s12639-021-01416-8. Epub 2021 Jul 1.
The domiciliation of and and the entomological risk indicators for the transmission of , an etiological agent of Chagas Disease-CD, were studied in rural villages of Anzoátegui state, Venezuela. Nightly home visits were made for 4 months/year, for 2 years, to search for and capture triatomines in human settlements. For six of the evaluated villages, 16.4% (11/67) of houses were found with triatomine infestation; obtaining 151 triatomines in all their ontogenetic stages, of which 54.3% (82/151) corresponded to and 45.7% (69/151) to . In 7.5% of the evaluated houses, both species were presented in sympatry. Entomological indicators of transmission risk were higher for in relation to . Inoculation of fecal flagellates of triatomines produced 2.92 × 10 flagellates/mL of blood in mean and 100% mortality in the murine model. Molecular tests (satellite DNA, kDNA and DTUs studies) demonstrated the presence of all compatible with TcI. The food source determined by IESPA, revealed that showed less eclecticism in relation to in the use of blood sources. This could be an indicator of an older domiciliation with low dispersion between ecotopes. The sympatry of and had been recorded in natural niches, but for the first time it is recorded inside the houses in rural villages of the Anzoátegui state. Human dwellings can constitute an adequate niche, with available food sources for both triatomines species and with the risk of establishing AT/CD as zoonosis or zooanthroponosis.
在委内瑞拉安索阿特吉州的乡村，对查加斯病（CD）病原体克氏锥虫的栖息环境及传播的昆虫学风险指标进行了研究。每年有4个月、连续2年进行夜间家访，在人类住区搜寻并捕获锥蝽。在评估的6个村庄中，发现16.4%（11/67）的房屋有锥蝽侵扰；共捕获151只处于各个发育阶段的锥蝽，其中54.3%（82/151）为克氏锥蝽，45.7%（69/151）为克鲁兹锥蝽。在7.5%的评估房屋中，两种锥蝽同时出现。克氏锥蝽的传播风险昆虫学指标高于克鲁兹锥蝽。锥蝽粪便鞭毛虫接种在小鼠模型中平均产生2.92×10个鞭毛虫/毫升血液，死亡率达100%。分子检测（卫星DNA、kDNA和DTUs研究）表明存在的所有克氏锥虫均与TcI兼容。IESPA确定的食物来源显示，克氏锥蝽在血液来源使用方面比克鲁兹锥蝽表现出更少的杂食性。这可能是其栖息时间较长、生态位间扩散较低的一个指标。克氏锥蝽和克鲁兹锥蝽在自然生态位中曾有过同域分布记录，但在安索阿特吉州乡村房屋内首次记录到。人类住所可构成一个适宜的生态位，有可供两种锥蝽利用的食物来源，存在将美洲锥虫病确立为人畜共患病或人兽共患病的风险。
