Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
Funct Plant Biol. 2023 Feb;50(2):85-96. doi: 10.1071/FP21324.
Maize (Zea mays L.), a major multipurpose crop for food, feed and energy is extremely susceptible to environmental perturbations and setting off the major factors for limiting maize yield. Generally, plant yields are reduced and significantly lost to adverse environments and biotic strains. To ensure the safety of living cells under unfavourable circumstances, polyamines (PAs) play an important role in regulating the response under both abiotic and biotic stresses. It is the relative abundance of higher PAs (spermidine, Spd; spermine, Spm) vis-à-vis the diamine putrescine (Put) and PA catabolism that determines the stress tolerance in plants. Climate changes and increasing demands for production of maize have made it pressing to improve the stress tolerance strategies in this plant and it is imperative to understand the role of PAs in response to various environmental perturbations. Here, we critically review and summarise the recent literature on role of PAs in conferring stress tolerance in the golden crop. The responses in terms of PA accumulation, their mechanism of action and all the recent genetic manipulation studies carried out in PA metabolism pathway, ameliorating range of abiotic and biotic stresses have been discussed. As PA metabolism under stress conditions does not operate singly within cells and is always linked to other metabolic pathways in maize, its complex connections and role as a signalling molecule have also been discussed in this review.
玉米（Zea mays L.）是一种主要的多用途作物，用于食品、饲料和能源，对环境干扰极其敏感，是限制玉米产量的主要因素。一般来说，植物的产量会因不利环境和生物胁迫而降低甚至大量损失。为了确保在不利环境下活细胞的安全，多胺（PAs）在调节非生物和生物胁迫下的响应中发挥着重要作用。在植物中，决定其胁迫耐受性的是较高多胺（亚精胺、Spd；精胺、Spm）与二胺腐胺（Put）和多胺分解代谢的相对丰度。气候变化和对玉米生产需求的增加，使得提高这种植物的胁迫耐受性策略变得紧迫，因此必须了解 PAs 在应对各种环境胁迫中的作用。在这里，我们批判性地回顾和总结了 PAs 在赋予金色作物胁迫耐受性方面的最新文献。讨论了 PA 积累的响应、它们的作用机制以及在 PA 代谢途径中进行的所有最近的遗传操作研究，这些研究改善了多种非生物和生物胁迫。由于应激条件下的 PA 代谢不是在细胞内单独进行的，而且总是与玉米中的其他代谢途径相关联，因此在本综述中还讨论了其复杂的联系和作为信号分子的作用。
