Rosińska Magdalena, Stępień Małgorzata, Kitowska Wioleta, Milczarek Małgorzata, Juszczyk Grzegorz, Nowacka Zuzanna, Gardel Aneta, Hermann Adam, Bardoń-Błaszkowska Aneta, Cudnik Rafał, Czubak Hanna, Wolniak-Bińkowska Magdalena, Źródłowska Izabella Anna, Sadkowska-Todys Małgorzata
National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland (Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Surveillance).
Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (Department of Public Health).
Med Pr. 2022 Apr 22;73(2):109-123. doi: 10.13075/mp.5893.01216. Epub 2022 Mar 17.
The aim of the study was to assess seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers (HCW) before introduction of vaccination, in selected areas in Poland as well as to identify potential risk factors and estimate the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infections in this population.
The authors conducted a sero-epidemiological, cross-sectional study among HCW of 5 non-COVID-19 hospitals in Poland. The recruitment took place in December 1-23, 2020, all HCW at selected hospitals could volunteer into the study. All persons were screened with rapid SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG tests in capillary blood. In case of positive result, 5 ml of venous blood was drawn for confirmatory testing with ELISA assay. The authors estimated prevalence of laboratory confirmed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody presence and examined factors associated with positive result. Cumulative incidence was estimated applying 2-source capture-recapture method to serology results and self-report of past infection.
Out of 1040 HCW included in the analysis, one-fourth (25.2%) received a positive result for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by ELISA test, the prevalence among women was 25.3% (95% CI: 22.5-28.4) and 24.6% (95% CI: 19-31.2) among men. The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was the highest among respondents who declared home contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case, 43.9% (95% CI: 32.4-56.1). It was also elevated among those who indicated contact with patients with COVID-19, 32.5% (95% CI: 26.7-38.8) and business contacts, including at the workplace, 28.9% (95% CI: 22.5-36.3). The estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infections in the population, using the capture-recapture method was 41.2% (95% CI: 38.1-44.2).
Healthcare workers remained at increased risk of infection largely due to work-related contacts with infected patients, although home exposure was also common. Estimated cumulative incidence is higher than the antibody prevalence, which indicates the need to monitor HCW for possible immunity waning, also post-immunization immunity. Med Pr. 2022;73(2):109-23.
本研究的目的是评估在波兰选定地区引入疫苗接种前医护人员中抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的血清流行率，识别潜在风险因素，并估计该人群中COVID-19感染的累积发病率。
作者在波兰5家非COVID-19医院的医护人员中开展了一项血清流行病学横断面研究。招募工作于2020年12月1日至23日进行，选定医院的所有医护人员均可自愿参与研究。所有人员均采用快速SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG检测对毛细血管血进行筛查。若结果为阳性，则抽取5毫升静脉血用ELISA法进行确诊检测。作者估计了实验室确诊的抗SARS-CoV-2抗体存在的流行率，并检查了与阳性结果相关的因素。应用双源捕获-再捕获法对血清学结果和既往感染的自我报告进行分析，估计累积发病率。
纳入分析的1040名医护人员中，四分之一（25.2%）通过ELISA检测抗SARS-CoV-2抗体呈阳性，女性患病率为25.3%（95%CI：22.5-28.4），男性为24.6%（95%CI：19-31.2）。在报告家中有确诊COVID-19病例接触史的受访者中，抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的患病率最高，为43.9%（95%CI：32.4-56.1）。在那些表示与COVID-19患者有接触的人中，患病率也有所升高，为32.5%（95%CI：26.7-38.8），在包括工作场所在内的商业接触者中，患病率为28.9%（95%CI：22.5-36.3）。采用捕获-再捕获法估计该人群中COVID-19感染的累积发病率为41.2%（95%CI：38.1-44.2）。
医护人员感染风险仍然较高，这主要是由于与感染患者的工作相关接触，尽管家庭暴露也很常见。估计的累积发病率高于抗体流行率，这表明有必要监测医护人员可能出现的免疫力下降情况，包括接种疫苗后的免疫力。《医学实践》。2022年；73(2)：109-123。
