大衰退及经济复苏期间美国成年人的抑郁症状
Depressive Symptoms among US Adults during the Great Recession and Economic Recovery.
机构信息
RAND Corporation, PO Box 2138, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA,
出版信息
J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2022 Mar 1;25(1):3-10.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
We study the trajectory of depressive symptoms among US adults before, during, and after the 2008/2009 Great Recession.
METHODS
We use repeated cross-sectional surveys of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018. Mental health is assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with the following categorization for depressive symptoms: none or mild (score 0-9), moderate or severe (score 10-27). A parallel time series was calculated from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) on self-reported number of days with poor mental health.
RESULTS
NHANES data show a statistically significant increase in depressive symptoms from 2005/2006 to 2007/2008 (the beginning of the Great Recession), but there were no significant or consistent changes after 2007/2008. In particular, the deterioration in the adjusted predicted PHQ-9 scores occurred prior to the large increase in unemployment rate (2009/2010). As the macroeconomic situations improved and unemployment rates recovered, mental health did not return to the previous level. In the latest wave of NHANES (2017/2018), unemployment rates were at the lowest level over the analysis period; however, the adjusted predicted PHQ-9 scores were higher than that at the beginning of the Great Recession. Trends of PHQ-9 scores were similar across income groups - all groups had an increase in depressive symptoms after 2005/2006 and PHQ-9 scores were still high in 2017/2018 after controlling for sociodemographic status. Group with the lowest income had higher levels of depressive symptoms at every time point. BRFSS data shows no consistent changes in the number of days with poor mental health that parallel economic conditions.
DISCUSSION
Depressive symptoms at the population level did not match the economic cycle before, during and after the Great Recession. Future research is needed to better understand the lack of correlation between population mental health and macroeconomic conditions.
背景与目的
我们研究了美国成年人在 2008/2009 年大衰退之前、期间和之后的抑郁症状轨迹。
方法
我们使用了 2005 年至 2018 年期间国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的重复横断面调查。心理健康状况使用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）进行评估，抑郁症状的分类如下：无或轻度（得分 0-9）、中度或重度（得分 10-27）。从行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）中计算了一个平行的时间序列，用于报告心理健康不佳的天数。
结果
NHANES 数据显示，从 2005/2006 年到 2007/2008 年（大衰退开始时），抑郁症状呈统计学显著增加，但 2007/2008 年后没有明显或一致的变化。特别是，在失业率（2009/2010 年）大幅上升之前，调整后的预测 PHQ-9 评分就已经恶化。随着宏观经济形势的改善和失业率的恢复，心理健康状况并未恢复到以前的水平。在 NHANES 的最新一波调查（2017/2018 年）中，失业率处于分析期间的最低水平；然而，调整后的预测 PHQ-9 评分高于大衰退开始时的水平。PHQ-9 评分趋势在不同收入群体中相似-所有群体在 2005/2006 年后都出现了抑郁症状增加，并且在控制社会人口地位后，2017/2018 年 PHQ-9 评分仍然很高。收入最低的群体在每个时间点的抑郁症状水平都更高。BRFSS 数据显示，在与经济状况平行的情况下，心理健康不佳的天数没有一致的变化。
讨论
在大衰退之前、期间和之后，人群水平的抑郁症状与经济周期不匹配。需要进一步研究，以更好地了解人口心理健康与宏观经济状况之间缺乏相关性的原因。
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