University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 56070, Koblenz, Germany.
University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2023 Mar;87(2):624-635. doi: 10.1007/s00426-022-01666-y. Epub 2022 Mar 18.
We investigated gender differences in mental rotation performance in younger and older adolescents and effects of stereotype threat activation and a short mindfulness induction. Two hundred fifty younger adolescents from grades 5, 6, and 7 (119 boys) and 152 older adolescents from grades 10, 11, and 12 (80 boys) were divided into four groups with or without a mindfulness induction and with or without stereotype threat activation. All participants solved a mental rotation test and filled out a questionnaire about their gender stereotype beliefs and perceived abilities of masculine and feminine activities. Results illustrate that older adolescents outperformed younger adolescents, and gender differences in favor of males appeared only in the older age group. Independent of gender, the mindfulness induction had a significantly positive effect on adolescents' mental rotation performance that was significant only in the older age group. No effect of the stereotype activation was found. For gender stereotype beliefs and perceived abilities of gendered activities, the mindfulness intervention enhanced male stereotype beliefs and participants' perceived ability of masculine activities. A short mindfulness induction seems to have an enhancing effect on a subsequently performed stereotypically masculine cognitive task and consequently on adolescents' male stereotype beliefs and their perceived ability in masculine activities.
我们研究了青少年在心理旋转表现方面的性别差异，以及刻板印象威胁激活和短期正念诱导的影响。250 名来自 5、6、7 年级的年轻青少年（119 名男生）和 152 名来自 10、11、12 年级的年长青少年（80 名男生）被分为四组，分别接受或不接受正念诱导，以及接受或不接受刻板印象威胁激活。所有参与者都解决了一个心理旋转测试，并填写了一份关于他们的性别刻板印象信念和对男性和女性活动的感知能力的问卷。结果表明，年长青少年的表现优于年轻青少年，而且只有在年长年龄组中才出现了有利于男性的性别差异。独立于性别，正念诱导对青少年的心理旋转表现有显著的积极影响，但仅在年长年龄组中显著。刻板印象激活没有效果。对于性别刻板印象信念和对性别活动的感知能力，正念干预增强了男性刻板印象信念和参与者对男性活动的感知能力。短期的正念诱导似乎对随后进行的刻板男性认知任务有增强作用，从而对青少年的男性刻板印象信念和他们在男性活动中的感知能力产生影响。
