Pietsch Stefanie, Jansen Petra, Lehmann Jennifer
Institute of Sport Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Front Neurosci. 2019 Mar 13;13:224. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00224. eCollection 2019.
This study investigates mental rotation performance of adolescent female dancers and soccer players in object-based and egocentric mental rotation tasks using human body stimuli. 60 young females, 30 soccer players, and 30 dancers (not twosome), completed a chronometric mental rotation task with object-based and egocentric transformation of male and female figures, which were displayed either in front or back view. During their sport-specific activity soccer-players and dancers very often have to adapt their movements to the movement of a partner or opponent, soccer-players especially in front view positions. While for soccer-players reaction time (RT) often is crucial for sporting success, dancers mainly focus on the accuracy of their movements. Therefore, we expect significantly faster RTs for soccer players for front view stimuli but no differences between soccer players and dancers for back view stimuli. The main result was that soccer-players showed a significantly shorter RT than dancers for stimuli presented in front view in object based and egocentric transformation. There was no such difference, when the stimuli were presented in the back view. Contrary to literature we didn't find significantly higher RTs and error rates for stimuli presented in front view compared to back view in general but only for egocentric transformations. The results of this study show that specific sports affect individual aspects of mental rotation performance.
本研究使用人体刺激，调查青少年女性舞者和足球运动员在基于物体和以自我为中心的心理旋转任务中的心理旋转表现。60名年轻女性，30名足球运动员和30名舞者（非双人组合），完成了一项计时心理旋转任务，任务内容是对男性和女性形象进行基于物体和以自我为中心的变换，这些形象以正视图或背视图展示。在他们各自的专项运动中，足球运动员和舞者经常需要根据队友或对手的动作来调整自己的动作，足球运动员尤其在正视图位置时。虽然对于足球运动员来说，反应时间（RT）往往对运动成功至关重要，但舞者主要关注动作的准确性。因此，我们预计足球运动员对正视图刺激的反应时间会显著更快，但对于背视图刺激，足球运动员和舞者之间没有差异。主要结果是，在基于物体和以自我为中心的变换中，对于正视图呈现的刺激，足球运动员的反应时间明显比舞者短。当刺激以背视图呈现时，没有这种差异。与文献相反，我们一般没有发现正视图呈现的刺激比背视图呈现的刺激有显著更高的反应时间和错误率，只是在以自我为中心的变换中才出现这种情况。本研究结果表明，特定运动影响心理旋转表现的个体方面。
