1 Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne.
2 Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2018 Jan;13(1):36-61. doi: 10.1177/1745691617709589. Epub 2017 Oct 10.
During the past two decades, mindfulness meditation has gone from being a fringe topic of scientific investigation to being an occasional replacement for psychotherapy, tool of corporate well-being, widely implemented educational practice, and "key to building more resilient soldiers." Yet the mindfulness movement and empirical evidence supporting it have not gone without criticism. Misinformation and poor methodology associated with past studies of mindfulness may lead public consumers to be harmed, misled, and disappointed. Addressing such concerns, the present article discusses the difficulties of defining mindfulness, delineates the proper scope of research into mindfulness practices, and explicates crucial methodological issues for interpreting results from investigations of mindfulness. For doing so, the authors draw on their diverse areas of expertise to review the present state of mindfulness research, comprehensively summarizing what we do and do not know, while providing a prescriptive agenda for contemplative science, with a particular focus on assessment, mindfulness training, possible adverse effects, and intersection with brain imaging. Our goals are to inform interested scientists, the news media, and the public, to minimize harm, curb poor research practices, and staunch the flow of misinformation about the benefits, costs, and future prospects of mindfulness meditation.
在过去的二十年中，正念冥想已从科学研究的边缘话题发展成为心理治疗的替代疗法、企业健康的工具、广泛实施的教育实践以及“培养更有韧性士兵的关键”。然而，正念运动及其支持它的实证证据并非没有受到批评。过去对正念的研究中存在的错误信息和不良方法可能会导致公众消费者受到伤害、误导和失望。为了解决这些问题，本文讨论了正念的定义的困难，阐述了对正念实践进行研究的适当范围，并详细说明了解释正念研究结果的关键方法问题。为此，作者利用他们在不同领域的专业知识来回顾正念研究的现状，全面总结我们所知和未知的内容，同时为沉思科学提供规范性议程，特别关注评估、正念训练、可能的不良反应以及与脑成像的交叉。我们的目标是为有兴趣的科学家、新闻媒体和公众提供信息，以最大程度地减少伤害，遏制不良的研究实践，并遏制关于正念冥想的好处、成本和未来前景的错误信息的传播。
