Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil E Saúde Pública, Postdoctoral Fellow, Ph.D in Health Sciences, Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Enfermagem, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Master in Health and Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Enfermagem, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Mar 18;22(1):540. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12948-w.
Environmental factors have an impact on inappropriate food choices and sedentary lifestyle, and both individually and in combination these factors favour improper gestational weight gain (GWG) and consequent maternal and neonatal health problems. The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental and individual factors associated with GWG.
Data were from "Born in Belo Horizonte: Survey on childbirth and birth", a hospital-based retrospective cohort of 506 pregnant women with deliveries in public and private maternity hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews from November 2011 to March 2013. The outcome variable of this study was the GWG categorized based on the Institute of Medicine Guidelines. Explanatory environmental variables included the availability and access to food environment and places available for physical activity in the neighborhood. Explanatory individual variables included socioeconomic and demographic, obstetric and childbirth variables. Generalized estimating equations examined the association of environmental and individual factors with insufficient or excessive GWG.
The final sample consisted of 506 mothers. There was 36.4% pregnant women showing excessive GWG and 22.7% showing GWG below the recommended interval. Regarding excessive GWG, there was a positive association with the number of mixed food purchasing establishments close to the place of residence, pre-pregnancy body mass index in the categories of overweight and obesity, arterial hypertension and the private sector as the predominant place for prenatal consultations.
GWG outside of the recommended interval was associated with individual and environmental factors, and most pregnant women had insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain. Such results can complement previously published evidence, important for creating more effective strategies for the prevention of excessive and inadequate GWG and the consequent problems related to it during pregnancy.
环境因素会影响不当的食物选择和久坐不动的生活方式，这些因素单独或联合作用会导致不当的妊娠体重增加（GWG），并进而导致母婴健康问题。本研究的目的是分析与 GWG 相关的环境和个体因素。
数据来自“贝洛奥里藏特出生：分娩和出生调查”，这是一项基于医院的回顾性队列研究，共有 506 名在贝洛奥里藏特的公立和私立妇产医院分娩的孕妇。数据是在 2011 年 11 月至 2013 年 3 月期间通过面对面访谈收集的。本研究的结局变量是根据医学研究所指南分类的 GWG。解释性环境变量包括食物环境的可得性和可及性以及附近可供进行体育活动的场所。解释性个体变量包括社会经济和人口统计学、产科和分娩变量。广义估计方程检查了环境和个体因素与不足或过多 GWG 的关联。
最终样本包括 506 名母亲。有 36.4%的孕妇表现出过多的 GWG，22.7%的孕妇表现出 GWG 低于推荐区间。关于过多的 GWG，与居住地附近混合食品购买场所的数量、超重和肥胖的孕前体重指数、动脉高血压以及私营部门作为产前咨询的主要场所呈正相关。
超出推荐区间的 GWG 与个体和环境因素有关，大多数孕妇的妊娠体重增加不足或过多。这些结果可以补充之前发表的证据，对于制定更有效的策略来预防过多和不足的 GWG 以及妊娠期间与之相关的问题非常重要。
