Institute for Health Informatics, Department of Health Statistics, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
Information Center, First Affiliated Hospitals, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
J Biomed Semantics. 2022 Mar 18;13(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13326-022-00265-5.
Health data from different specialties or domains generallly have diverse formats and meanings, which can cause semantic communication barriers when these data are exchanged among heterogeneous systems. As such, this study is intended to develop a national health concept data model (HCDM) and develop a corresponding system to facilitate healthcare data standardization and centralized metadata management.
Based on 55 data sets (4640 data items) from 7 health business domains in China, a bottom-up approach was employed to build the structure and metadata for HCDM by referencing HL7 RIM. According to ISO/IEC 11179, a top-down approach was used to develop and standardize the data elements.
HCDM adopted three-level architecture of class, attribute and data type, and consisted of 6 classes and 15 sub-classes. Each class had a set of descriptive attributes and every attribute was assigned a data type. 100 initial data elements (DEs) were extracted from HCDM and 144 general DEs were derived from corresponding initial DEs. Domain DEs were transformed by specializing general DEs using 12 controlled vocabularies which developed from HL7 vocabularies and actual health demands. A model-based system was successfully established to evaluate and manage the NHDD.
HCDM provided a unified metadata reference for multi-source data standardization and management. This approach of defining health data elements was a feasible solution in healthcare information standardization to enable healthcare interoperability in China.
来自不同专业或领域的健康数据通常具有不同的格式和含义，当这些数据在异构系统之间交换时，会导致语义通信障碍。因此，本研究旨在开发一个国家健康概念数据模型（HCDM）并开发一个相应的系统，以促进医疗保健数据标准化和集中元数据管理。
基于中国 7 个健康业务领域的 55 个数据集（4640 个数据项），采用自下而上的方法，参考 HL7 RIM 构建 HCDM 的结构和元数据。根据 ISO/IEC 11179，采用自上而下的方法开发和标准化数据元素。
HCDM 采用了类、属性和数据类型的三级架构，由 6 个类和 15 个子类组成。每个类都有一组描述性属性，每个属性都分配了一个数据类型。从 HCDM 中提取了 100 个初始数据元素（DE），并从相应的初始 DE 中衍生出 144 个通用 DE。通过使用 12 个从 HL7 词汇表和实际健康需求中开发的受控词汇表，对通用 DE 进行专门化，从而转换域 DE。成功建立了基于模型的系统，用于评估和管理 NHDD。
HCDM 为多源数据标准化和管理提供了统一的元数据参考。这种定义健康数据元素的方法是医疗保健信息标准化中的一种可行解决方案，可实现中国医疗保健的互操作性。
