Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130112, China.
Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation and Propagation, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
BMC Microbiol. 2022 Mar 19;22(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12866-022-02488-z.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil poses a serious safety risk for the development of medicine and food with ginseng as the raw material. Microorganisms are key players in the functioning and service of soil ecosystems, but the effects of Cd-contaminated ginseng growth on these microorganisms is still poorly understood. To study this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of microorganisms and Cd (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg kg of Cd) exposure on the soil microbial community using Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing.
Our results indicated that Cd-contaminated soil affected the soil microbial diversity and composition, and bacterial diversity was affected more than fungal diversity in Cd-contaminated soil, especially according to Shannon indices. The abundance of the soil microbial community decreased and the composition changed according to the relative abundances at the phylum level, including those of Saccharibacteria and Gemmatimonadetes in bacteria and Mortierellomycota in fungi. The LEfSe algorithm was used to identify active biomarkers, and 45 differentially abundant bacterial taxonomic clades and 16 differentially abundant fungal taxonomic clades were identified with LDA scores higher than 4.0. Finally, a heatmap of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) indicated that some key biomarkers, Arenimonas, Xanthomonadales, Nitrosomonadaceae, Methylophilales, Caulobacterales, Aeromicrobium, Chitinophagaceae, Acidimicrobiales, Nocardioidaceae, Propionibacteriales, Frankiales, and Gemmatimonadaceae, were positively correlated with the total and available Cd (p<0.05) but negatively correlated with AK, AP, and pH (p<0.05) in the bacterial community. Similarly, in the fungal community, Tubaria, Mortierellaceae, and Rhizophagus were positively correlated with the total and available Cd but negatively correlated with AK, AP, TK, and pH.
Cd contamination significantly affected microbial diversity and composition in ginseng-growing soil. Our findings provide new insight into the effects of Cd contamination on the microbial communities in ginseng-growing soil.
土壤中的镉（Cd）污染对以人参为原料的医药和食品的发展构成了严重的安全风险。微生物是土壤生态系统功能和服务的关键参与者，但 Cd 污染对这些微生物的影响仍知之甚少。为了研究这一假说，我们使用 Illumina HiSeq 高通量测序评估了微生物和 Cd（0、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0 和 10.0mgkg 的 Cd）暴露对土壤微生物群落的影响。
我们的结果表明，Cd 污染土壤影响了土壤微生物多样性和组成，Cd 污染土壤中细菌多样性的影响大于真菌多样性，尤其是根据 Shannon 指数。随着相对丰度的变化，土壤微生物群落的丰度降低，组成也发生了变化，包括细菌中的 Saccharibacteria 和 Gemmatimonadetes 以及真菌中的 Mortierellomycota。使用 LEfSe 算法鉴定出活性生物标志物，鉴定出 45 个差异丰度细菌分类群和 16 个差异丰度真菌分类群，LDA 评分高于 4.0。最后，Spearman 秩相关系数热图和典范判别分析（CDA）表明，一些关键生物标志物，如 Arenimonas、Xanthomonadales、Nitrosomonadaceae、Methylophilales、Caulobacterales、Aeromicrobium、Chitinophagaceae、Acidimicrobiales、Nocardioidaceae、Propionibacteriales、Frankiales 和 Gemmatimonadaceae，与总 Cd 和有效 Cd 呈正相关（p<0.05），与细菌群落中的 AK、AP 和 pH 呈负相关（p<0.05）。同样，在真菌群落中，Tubaria、Mortierellaceae 和 Rhizophagus 与总 Cd 和有效 Cd 呈正相关，与 AK、AP、TK 和 pH 呈负相关。
Cd 污染显著影响了人参种植土壤中的微生物多样性和组成。我们的研究结果为 Cd 污染对人参种植土壤中微生物群落的影响提供了新的见解。
